Efficiency change
| University | =2015 =2016 | =2016 =2017 | =2017 =2018 | =2018 =2019 | =2019 =2020 | =2020 =2021 | =2021 =2022 | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACU | 0.9s8* | 1.02 | 0.93*** | 0.95 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 0.95* | 0.98 |
| ANU | 0.94*** | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.86*** | 1.12*** | 0.87*** | 0.96 |
| CQU | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.89*** | 0.92** | 1.01 | 1.02* | 1.03 | 0.98 |
| CDU | 1.02 | 1.10*** | 0.97 | 1.17*** | 1.17*** | 0.98 | 0.96*** | 1.05 |
| CSU | 0.96*** | 1.01 | 0.84*** | 0.98 | 1.17*** | 1.07** | 0.92*** | 0.99 |
| Curtin | 1.00 | 1.07*** | 1.05** | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.02* | 0.97** | 1.01 |
| Deakin | 0.96*** | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.94*** | 1.08*** | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 |
| ECU | 0.99 | 1.07** | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.08*** | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| Fedu | 0.97** | 0.96** | 0.95* | 0.96 | 1.08*** | 1.06*** | 0.91*** | 0.99 |
| Flin | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.08*** | 0.96** | 1.08** | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.03 |
| Griff | 0.98 | 1.08*** | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.03* | 1.04*** | 0.93*** | 1.01 |
| JCU | 0.96** | 1.06*** | 1.05** | 0.92*** | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| La Trobe | 0.98 | 1.05** | 1.03 | 0.93*** | 1.02 | 1.11*** | 0.99 | 1.02 |
| Macq | 0.98* | 1.01 | 1.04** | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.09*** | 0.99 | 1.01 |
| Monash | 0.95*** | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.95*** | 1.08*** | 0.95** | 0.94*** | 0.99 |
| Murd | 0.96*** | 1.04** | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.02* | 0.95*** | 1.00 |
| QUT | 1.02 | 1.02* | 1.04** | 0.95*** | 1.07*** | 1.01* | 0.94*** | 1.01 |
| RMIT | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.09*** | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| SCU | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.93** | 0.96 | 1.08*** | 1.10*** | 0.89*** | 1.00 |
| Swin | 1.04** | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.06*** | 0.96** | 1.13*** | 0.96*** | 1.01 |
| UAdel | 1.01 | 0.95** | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.95** | 0.99 |
| UC | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.04*** | 1.02** | 0.97** | 1.01 |
| UMelb | 0.98 | 0.95** | 1.01 | 1.07** | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.87*** | 0.99 |
| UNE | 1.03* | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.94*** | 1.11*** | 0.87*** | 0.99 |
| UNSW | 1.00 | 0.91*** | 0.95* | 0.98 | 1.06* | 1.03* | 0.89*** | 0.98 |
| UoN | 0.96*** | 1.05** | 0.99 | 0.97* | 1.03 | 1.04** | 0.98 | 1.00 |
| UQ | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.97* | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.93*** | 0.99 |
| UniSA | 0.97** | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.09*** | 0.92*** | 0.99 |
| USQ | 0.99 | 0.95*** | 1.06** | 0.96** | 1.06*** | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
| USyd | 0.96** | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.06*** | 0.92*** | 0.98 |
| UTas | 1.04** | 1.01 | 1.04* | 0.93*** | 1.08*** | 0.93*** | 0.95*** | 1.00 |
| UTS | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.05** | 0.97** | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.02 |
| USC | 1.06*** | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.06*** | 1.00 | 1.08*** | 0.88*** | 1.01 |
| UWA | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| WSU | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.94*** | 1.07*** | 1.03** | 0.97*** | 1.00 |
| UOW | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| VU | 1.01 | 0.95*** | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mean | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0.96 |
| University | Mean | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.9s8* | 1.02 | 0.93*** | 0.95 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 0.95* | 0.98 | |
| 0.94*** | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.86*** | 1.12*** | 0.87*** | 0.96 | |
| 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.89*** | 0.92** | 1.01 | 1.02* | 1.03 | 0.98 | |
| 1.02 | 1.10*** | 0.97 | 1.17*** | 1.17*** | 0.98 | 0.96*** | 1.05 | |
| 0.96*** | 1.01 | 0.84*** | 0.98 | 1.17*** | 1.07** | 0.92*** | 0.99 | |
| Curtin | 1.00 | 1.07*** | 1.05** | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.02* | 0.97** | 1.01 |
| Deakin | 0.96*** | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.94*** | 1.08*** | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 |
| 0.99 | 1.07** | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.08*** | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.02 | |
| Fedu | 0.97** | 0.96** | 0.95* | 0.96 | 1.08*** | 1.06*** | 0.91*** | 0.99 |
| Flin | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.08*** | 0.96** | 1.08** | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.03 |
| Griff | 0.98 | 1.08*** | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.03* | 1.04*** | 0.93*** | 1.01 |
| 0.96** | 1.06*** | 1.05** | 0.92*** | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| La Trobe | 0.98 | 1.05** | 1.03 | 0.93*** | 1.02 | 1.11*** | 0.99 | 1.02 |
| Macq | 0.98* | 1.01 | 1.04** | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.09*** | 0.99 | 1.01 |
| Monash | 0.95*** | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.95*** | 1.08*** | 0.95** | 0.94*** | 0.99 |
| Murd | 0.96*** | 1.04** | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.02* | 0.95*** | 1.00 |
| 1.02 | 1.02* | 1.04** | 0.95*** | 1.07*** | 1.01* | 0.94*** | 1.01 | |
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.09*** | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.93** | 0.96 | 1.08*** | 1.10*** | 0.89*** | 1.00 | |
| Swin | 1.04** | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.06*** | 0.96** | 1.13*** | 0.96*** | 1.01 |
| UAdel | 1.01 | 0.95** | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.95** | 0.99 |
| 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.04*** | 1.02** | 0.97** | 1.01 | |
| UMelb | 0.98 | 0.95** | 1.01 | 1.07** | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.87*** | 0.99 |
| 1.03* | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.94*** | 1.11*** | 0.87*** | 0.99 | |
| 1.00 | 0.91*** | 0.95* | 0.98 | 1.06* | 1.03* | 0.89*** | 0.98 | |
| UoN | 0.96*** | 1.05** | 0.99 | 0.97* | 1.03 | 1.04** | 0.98 | 1.00 |
| 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.97* | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.93*** | 0.99 | |
| UniSA | 0.97** | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.09*** | 0.92*** | 0.99 |
| 0.99 | 0.95*** | 1.06** | 0.96** | 1.06*** | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 | |
| USyd | 0.96** | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.06*** | 0.92*** | 0.98 |
| UTas | 1.04** | 1.01 | 1.04* | 0.93*** | 1.08*** | 0.93*** | 0.95*** | 1.00 |
| 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.05** | 0.97** | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.02 | |
| 1.06*** | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.06*** | 1.00 | 1.08*** | 0.88*** | 1.01 | |
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.94*** | 1.07*** | 1.03** | 0.97*** | 1.00 | |
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | |
| 1.01 | 0.95*** | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Mean | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0.96 |
*, ** and *** significant differences from unity at 10, 5 and 1%, respectively; The statistical significance of efficiency change estimates using the bootstrap procedure is assessed by constructing a confidence interval from the distribution of bootstrap estimates. If the interval does not include the value 1, the change is considered statistically significant
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