Table 6.

Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression results with divestment t+1 as dependent variable and debt covenant-related and efficiency-related APM disclosures and loss as independent variables (subsample analysis)

DIVESTMENTSit+1a
SubsamplesSubsamples
Total sampleHigh leverageLow leverageTotal sampleHigh leverageLow leverage
VariablesModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 5Model 6
DISCLOSURE SCORE OF DEBT-COVENANT-RELATED (DC) APMsit-10.275*** (0.094)0.383*** (0.141)0.253* (0.132)
LOSSit-10.061 (0.092)0.170 (0.138)−0.046 (0.127)0.087 (0.093)0.219 (0.134)−0.059 (0.134)
DISCLOSURE SCORE OF DC APMsiit-1 × LOSSit-10.685* (0.386)1.015** (0.529)−0.122 (0.576)
DISCLOSURE SCORE OF EFFICIENCY-RELATED (ER) APMsit-1−0.256*** (0.099)−0.528*** (0.147)−0.019 (0.137)
DISCLOSURE SCORE OF ER APMsii-1t × LOSSit-10.350 (0.365)0.694 (0.550)−0.157 (0.501)
SIZEit0.287*** (0.030)0.404*** (0.050)0.242*** (0.040)0.309*** (0.030)0.444*** (0.051)0.256*** (0.040)
MARKET-TO-BOOKit0.037 (0.073)0.045 (0.109)0.038 (0.101)0.060 (0.073)0.106 (0.108)0.060 (0.101)
SALES GROWTHit0.007 (0.032)0.018 (0.047)0.008 (0.045)0.014 (0.032)0.040 (0.047)0.007 (0.045)
BIG4it−0.070 (0.070)−0.040 (0.109)−0.134 (0.097)−0.033 (0.071)0.037 (0.110)−0.121 (0.096)
INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORSit−0.104 (0.303)−0.666 (1.197)−0.053 (0.311)−0.103 (0.304)−0.621 (1.198)−0.056 (0.311)
FIRM AGEit−0.183 (0.133)−0.260 (0.187)−0.149 (0.197)−0.156 (0.134)−0.179 (0.188)−0.135 (0.197)
LAW AND ENFORCEMENTit−0.104 (0.064)−0.234** (0.104)−0.010 (0.086)−0.094 (0.064)−0.223** (0.108)−0.005 (0.086)
INVESTOR PROTECTIONit0.105 (0.074)0.218* (0.124)0.028 (0.103)0.100 (0.074)0.220* (0.130)0.028 (0.102)
Industry fixed effectsIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncluded
Year fixed effectsIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncluded
Random country effectsIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncluded
Random firm effectsIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncludedIncluded
Constant−2.463*** (0.316)−3.635*** (0.540)−2.000*** (0.430)−2.549*** (0.317)−3.837*** (0.546)−2.088*** (0.426)
No. of observations3.1301.5201.6103.1301.5201.610
Wald_Chi2157.98***118.93***66.57***149.45***116.71***63.18***

Note(s):Table 2 provides the definitions of the variables. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1 (Standard errors in parentheses). aAll coefficients have been multiplied by 1000

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