Table 4 Summary of the implemented... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Summary of the implemented features and their sources

Feature	Source	How the feature was implemented
E-Learning (Bondar et al., 2020; Donath et al., 2020; Emerson and Berge, 2018; Emmanouilidis et al., 2010; Gavril et al., 2017; Jayanthi et al., 2023; Macdonald and Chiu, 2011; Papathanasiou et al., 2012; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010; Shi et al., 2017; Swacha and Baszuro, 2013)	Literature-driven	A digital application was developed within the company’s Microsoft 365 ecosystem (PowerApps) to complement traditional instructor-led, classroom-based training using printed material
Mobile Learning (Al-Amri et al., 2020; Beinke et al., 2017; Buchem and Hamelmann, 2010; Hug et al., 2005; Karlsen et al., 2023; Macdonald and Chiu, 2011; Messuti et al., 2014; Ojokoh et al., 2013; Papathanasiou et al., 2012; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010; Pimmer and Gröhbiel, 2008)	User-Driven (Questionnaire: Flexibility)/Literature-Driven	The developed application is responsive and accessible on several gadgets such as smartphones and tablets, allowing users to start new training content from any location
Microlearning (Di Pasquale et al., 2024; Emerson and Berge, 2018; Nanjappa et al., 2023; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010)	User-Driven (Questionnaire: Flexibility)/Literature-Driven	Content is segmented into short micro-format modules (approx. 5–10 min), allowing sessions to be interrupted and resumed without significant loss of progress
Gamification (Beinke et al., 2017; Butgereit, 2016; Donath et al., 2020; Göschlberger and Bruck, 2017; Isik et al., 2024; Jooste et al., 2020; Kapp, 2012; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010; Shi et al., 2017; Spanellis and Pyrko, 2021; Swacha and Baszuro, 2013)	User-Driven (Questionnaire: Engagement)/Literature-Driven	Implements scores, leaderboards, motivational messages, and reminders to reinforce learning. Encourages the user to repeat steps in case of failure
Spaced Repetition (Kondratjew and Kahrens, 2019; Sinha, 2019)	Literature-driven	Learning is structured into three phases: (1) Micro-content presentation; (2) Exercises proposed; and (3) Final exam. The same content is reintroduced again when closely related to new topics
Language (Cultural) Support	User-Driven (Interviews)	Allows the user to select their preferred language on the home screen, adapting the entire software. Content translation was assisted by language experts
Competence Validation	User-Driven (Interviews)	The App content is split into 5 Levels (Beginner to Expert) and 7 Steps. Progress is visualized as a learning path
Interactivity (Real-Time Feedback) (Al-Amri et al., 2020)	Literature-driven	Immediate feedback on exercises (correct/incorrect) and a bug-reporting function for flagging needed improvements
Collaboration (Christopoulos and Mystakidis, 2023; Karlsen et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2011)	User-Driven (Interviews: Engagement)/Literature-Driven	Allows users to recognize the progress of other users and the possibility to contact them (implicit in the leaderboard functionality)

Feature	Source	How the feature was implemented
E-Learning (Bondar et al., 2020; Donath et al., 2020; Emerson and Berge, 2018; Emmanouilidis et al., 2010; Gavril et al., 2017; Jayanthi et al., 2023; Macdonald and Chiu, 2011; Papathanasiou et al., 2012; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010; Shi et al., 2017; Swacha and Baszuro, 2013)	Literature-driven	A digital application was developed within the company’s Microsoft 365 ecosystem (PowerApps) to complement traditional instructor-led, classroom-based training using printed material
Mobile Learning (Al-Amri et al., 2020; Beinke et al., 2017; Buchem and Hamelmann, 2010; Hug et al., 2005; Karlsen et al., 2023; Macdonald and Chiu, 2011; Messuti et al., 2014; Ojokoh et al., 2013; Papathanasiou et al., 2012; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010; Pimmer and Gröhbiel, 2008)	User-Driven (Questionnaire: Flexibility)/Literature-Driven	The developed application is responsive and accessible on several gadgets such as smartphones and tablets, allowing users to start new training content from any location
Microlearning (Di Pasquale et al., 2024; Emerson and Berge, 2018; Nanjappa et al., 2023; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010)	User-Driven (Questionnaire: Flexibility)/Literature-Driven	Content is segmented into short micro-format modules (approx. 5–10 min), allowing sessions to be interrupted and resumed without significant loss of progress
Gamification (Beinke et al., 2017; Butgereit, 2016; Donath et al., 2020; Göschlberger and Bruck, 2017; Isik et al., 2024; Jooste et al., 2020; Kapp, 2012; Papathanassiou and Emmanouilidis, 2010; Shi et al., 2017; Spanellis and Pyrko, 2021; Swacha and Baszuro, 2013)	User-Driven (Questionnaire: Engagement)/Literature-Driven	Implements scores, leaderboards, motivational messages, and reminders to reinforce learning. Encourages the user to repeat steps in case of failure
Spaced Repetition (Kondratjew and Kahrens, 2019; Sinha, 2019)	Literature-driven	Learning is structured into three phases: (1) Micro-content presentation; (2) Exercises proposed; and (3) Final exam. The same content is reintroduced again when closely related to new topics
Language (Cultural) Support	User-Driven (Interviews)	Allows the user to select their preferred language on the home screen, adapting the entire software. Content translation was assisted by language experts
Competence Validation	User-Driven (Interviews)	The App content is split into 5 Levels (Beginner to Expert) and 7 Steps. Progress is visualized as a learning path
Interactivity (Real-Time Feedback) (Al-Amri et al., 2020)	Literature-driven	Immediate feedback on exercises (correct/incorrect) and a bug-reporting function for flagging needed improvements
Collaboration (Christopoulos and Mystakidis, 2023; Karlsen et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2011)	User-Driven (Interviews: Engagement)/Literature-Driven	Allows users to recognize the progress of other users and the possibility to contact them (implicit in the leaderboard functionality)