Table 1

Implementation challenges of HMC systems within I5.0

#HMC challengesRef
1New technologies for Human-Machine collaborationHamdani and Chihi (2025), Yang et al. (2022) 
2AI-driven solutions for dynamic work environments, particularly in operator task allocationPanter et al. (2024) 
3Efficient adaptation algorithms for complex operational situations, such as in PdM and transparency into decision-makingHamdani and Chihi (2025) 
4Practical use cases of HMC approaches in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)Brückner et al. (2023) 
5Data volume, management, real-time processing and edge computing solutionsPal (2024) 
6Security, privacy, and data integrity issuesPal (2024) 
7Emphasis on human-centred design and intuitive interfaces for better user experiencePanter et al. (2024) 
8Portability of HMC system or technologyHamdani and Chihi (2025) 
9Guidelines to enhance workforce knowledge and skill in using new technologies and AI-driven systemsPanter et al. (2024) 
10Bridging the gap between academic research and practical applicationsHamdani and Chihi (2025) 
Source(s): Created by the authors

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