Table A1 Distribution of the frequency...

Table A1

Distribution of the frequency of training and new technology in a 4-year period

	Training participation	New technology	Training and new technology
… in 0 of 4 years	0.452	0.492	0.748
… in 1 of 4 years	0.177	0.253	0.151
… in 2 of 4 years	0.130	0.144	0.065
… in 3 of 4 years	0.120	0.077	0.026
… in 4 of 4 years	0.121	0.035	0.010
Observations	5,473	5,473	5,473

	Training participation	New technology	Training and new technology
… in 0 of 4 years	0.452	0.492	0.748
… in 1 of 4 years	0.177	0.253	0.151
… in 2 of 4 years	0.130	0.144	0.065
… in 3 of 4 years	0.120	0.077	0.026
… in 4 of 4 years	0.121	0.035	0.010
Observations	5,473	5,473	5,473

Note(s): Descriptive statistics for individuals observed in all four waves

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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Table A2

Selection into training and new technology adoption in terms of unobservables

	(1)	(2)
	Individual fixed effect	Individual time trend
Training in 1 of 4 years	0.135^***	0.009^**
Training in 1 of 4 years	(0.019)	(0.004)
Training in 2 of 4 years	0.162^***	0.001
Training in 2 of 4 years	(0.023)	(0.005)
Training in 3 of 4 years	0.171^***	0.002
Training in 3 of 4 years	(0.025)	(0.005)
Training in 4 of 4 years	0.168^***	−0.005
Training in 4 of 4 years	(0.027)	(0.005)
New Technology in 1 of 4 years	0.088^***	0.001
New Technology in 1 of 4 years	(0.018)	(0.004)
New Technology in 2 of 4 years	0.157^***	0.007
New Technology in 2 of 4 years	(0.024)	(0.005)
New Technology in 3 of 4 years	0.177^***	0.008
New Technology in 3 of 4 years	(0.032)	(0.006)
New Technology in 4 of 4 years	0.157^***	0.010
New Technology in 4 of 4 years	(0.047)	(0.010)
Training and New Technology in 1 of 4 years	−0.010	0.004
Training and New Technology in 1 of 4 years	(0.025)	(0.005)
Training and New Technology in 2 of 4 years	−0.034	0.004
Training and New Technology in 2 of 4 years	(0.037)	(0.007)
Training and New Technology in 3 of 4 years	−0.089	−0.009
Training and New Technology in 3 of 4 years	(0.055)	(0.011)
Training and New Technology in 4 of 4 years	−0.025	−0.024
Training and New Technology in 4 of 4 years	(0.087)	(0.018)
Female	−0.274^***
Female	(0.013)
Migrant	0.074^***
Migrant	(0.016)
Constant	−0.035^**	0.010^***
Constant	(0.014)	(0.002)
Observations	5,473	5,473
R²	0.119	0.004

	(1)	(2)
	Individual fixed effect	Individual time trend
Training in 1 of 4 years	0.135^***	0.009^**
Training in 1 of 4 years	(0.019)	(0.004)
Training in 2 of 4 years	0.162^***	0.001
Training in 2 of 4 years	(0.023)	(0.005)
Training in 3 of 4 years	0.171^***	0.002
Training in 3 of 4 years	(0.025)	(0.005)
Training in 4 of 4 years	0.168^***	−0.005
Training in 4 of 4 years	(0.027)	(0.005)
New Technology in 1 of 4 years	0.088^***	0.001
New Technology in 1 of 4 years	(0.018)	(0.004)
New Technology in 2 of 4 years	0.157^***	0.007
New Technology in 2 of 4 years	(0.024)	(0.005)
New Technology in 3 of 4 years	0.177^***	0.008
New Technology in 3 of 4 years	(0.032)	(0.006)
New Technology in 4 of 4 years	0.157^***	0.010
New Technology in 4 of 4 years	(0.047)	(0.010)
Training and New Technology in 1 of 4 years	−0.010	0.004
Training and New Technology in 1 of 4 years	(0.025)	(0.005)
Training and New Technology in 2 of 4 years	−0.034	0.004
Training and New Technology in 2 of 4 years	(0.037)	(0.007)
Training and New Technology in 3 of 4 years	−0.089	−0.009
Training and New Technology in 3 of 4 years	(0.055)	(0.011)
Training and New Technology in 4 of 4 years	−0.025	−0.024
Training and New Technology in 4 of 4 years	(0.087)	(0.018)
Female	−0.274^***
Female	(0.013)
Migrant	0.074^***
Migrant	(0.016)
Constant	−0.035^**	0.010^***
Constant	(0.014)	(0.002)
Observations	5,473	5,473
R²	0.119	0.004

Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Dependent variable in column (1) is the predicted fixed effect from Specification (3) of Table 3 and in column (2), the estimated individual time trend from Specification (1) of Table 5. Reference category of the explanatory variables is no training and no new technology in all 4 years

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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Table A3

Heterogeneity of returns by level of education

	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Log hourly wage	Job change	Promotion
Training	0.011^**	−0.021^***	0.000
Training	(0.005)	(0.007)	(0.001)
New Technology	−0.009^*	0.003	0.003^*
New Technology	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.002)
Training × New Technology	0.000	0.028^**	−0.000
Training × New Technology	(0.009)	(0.013)	(0.003)
Low Edu. Interactions
Low Edu × Training	−0.014	0.051	0.003
Low Edu × Training	(0.021)	(0.033)	(0.006)
Low Edu × New Technology	0.016	0.013	−0.001
Low Edu × New Technology	(0.018)	(0.023)	(0.003)
Low Edu × Training × New Tech	−0.008	−0.051	−0.000
Low Edu × Training × New Tech	(0.047)	(0.056)	(0.013)
High Edu. Interactions
High Edu × Training	−0.002	0.019^**	−0.002
High Edu × Training	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.002)
High Edu × New Technology	0.034^***	−0.011	−0.004
High Edu × New Technology	(0.008)	(0.013)	(0.003)
High Edu × Training × New Tech	−0.027^*	−0.026	0.002
High Edu × Training × New Tech	(0.014)	(0.021)	(0.007)
Year dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual and job characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	44,791	38,204	38,204
Within R²	0.129	0.044	0.009

	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Log hourly wage	Job change	Promotion
Training	0.011^**	−0.021^***	0.000
Training	(0.005)	(0.007)	(0.001)
New Technology	−0.009^*	0.003	0.003^*
New Technology	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.002)
Training × New Technology	0.000	0.028^**	−0.000
Training × New Technology	(0.009)	(0.013)	(0.003)
Low Edu. Interactions
Low Edu × Training	−0.014	0.051	0.003
Low Edu × Training	(0.021)	(0.033)	(0.006)
Low Edu × New Technology	0.016	0.013	−0.001
Low Edu × New Technology	(0.018)	(0.023)	(0.003)
Low Edu × Training × New Tech	−0.008	−0.051	−0.000
Low Edu × Training × New Tech	(0.047)	(0.056)	(0.013)
High Edu. Interactions
High Edu × Training	−0.002	0.019^**	−0.002
High Edu × Training	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.002)
High Edu × New Technology	0.034^***	−0.011	−0.004
High Edu × New Technology	(0.008)	(0.013)	(0.003)
High Edu × Training × New Tech	−0.027^*	−0.026	0.002
High Edu × Training × New Tech	(0.014)	(0.021)	(0.007)
Year dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual and job characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	44,791	38,204	38,204
Within R²	0.129	0.044	0.009

Note(s): Clustered standard errors in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Estimates of the reference category are for medium education. Individual and job characteristics refer to the variables listed in Table 1

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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