Table 1 Non-employment state at time t...

Table 1

Non-employment state at time t by country

	Low-pay time t-1		High-pay time t-1
	AME	s.e.	AME	s.e.
Austria	−0.342	0.070***	−0.365	0.070***
Belgium	−0.629	0.033***	−0.652	0.032***
Bulgaria	−0.412	0.071***	−0.403	0.072***
Croatia	−0.484	0.068***	−0.488	0.070***
Czechia	−0.576	0.029***	−0.583	0.029***
Denmark	−0.269	0.056***	−0.289	0.058***
Estonia	−0.491	0.048***	−0.494	0.048***
Finland	−0.111	0.015***	−0.110	0.014***
France	−0.681	0.101***	−0.683	0.100***
Germany	−0.128	0.049***	−0.116	0.048**
Greece	−0.341	0.030***	−0.422	0.034***
Hungary	−0.286	0.030***	−0.314	0.031***
Ireland	−0.278	0.059***	−0.328	0.063***
Italy	−0.229	0.023***	−0.261	0.027***
Latvia	−0.374	0.055***	−0.364	0.058***
Lithuania	−0.473	0.065***	−0.475	0.066***
Norway	−0.361	0.054***	−0.392	0.055***
Poland	−0.647	0.033***	−0.656	0.034***
Portugal	−0.157	0.011***	−0.143	0.007***
Romania	−0.274	0.048***	−0.282	0.048***
Slovak Republic	−0.284	0.028***	−0.262	0.027***
Slovenia	−0.247	0.050***	−0.257	0.051***
Spain	−0.226	0.021***	−0.211	0.020***
Sweden	−0.177	0.047***	−0.188	0.048***
UK	−0.090	0.019***	−0.100	0.018***

	Low-pay time t-1		High-pay time t-1
	AME	s.e.	AME	s.e.
Austria	−0.342	0.070***	−0.365	0.070***
Belgium	−0.629	0.033***	−0.652	0.032***
Bulgaria	−0.412	0.071***	−0.403	0.072***
Croatia	−0.484	0.068***	−0.488	0.070***
Czechia	−0.576	0.029***	−0.583	0.029***
Denmark	−0.269	0.056***	−0.289	0.058***
Estonia	−0.491	0.048***	−0.494	0.048***
Finland	−0.111	0.015***	−0.110	0.014***
France	−0.681	0.101***	−0.683	0.100***
Germany	−0.128	0.049***	−0.116	0.048**
Greece	−0.341	0.030***	−0.422	0.034***
Hungary	−0.286	0.030***	−0.314	0.031***
Ireland	−0.278	0.059***	−0.328	0.063***
Italy	−0.229	0.023***	−0.261	0.027***
Latvia	−0.374	0.055***	−0.364	0.058***
Lithuania	−0.473	0.065***	−0.475	0.066***
Norway	−0.361	0.054***	−0.392	0.055***
Poland	−0.647	0.033***	−0.656	0.034***
Portugal	−0.157	0.011***	−0.143	0.007***
Romania	−0.274	0.048***	−0.282	0.048***
Slovak Republic	−0.284	0.028***	−0.262	0.027***
Slovenia	−0.247	0.050***	−0.257	0.051***
Spain	−0.226	0.021***	−0.211	0.020***
Sweden	−0.177	0.047***	−0.188	0.048***
UK	−0.090	0.019***	−0.100	0.018***

Note(s): We control for the set of covariates described in Section 3, including regional (where available) and year dummies. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Source(s): Authors’ calculations from 2003–2020 EU-SILC data

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