Table 2 Low pay state at time t by...

Table 2

Low pay state at time t by country

	Low-pay time t-1		High-pay time t-1
	AME	s.e.	AME	s.e.
Austria	0.032	0.016*	−0.001	0.015
Belgium	0.067	0.014***	0.025	0.010*
Bulgaria	0.208	0.034***	0.095	0.029***
Croatia	0.173	0.034***	0.056	0.023*
Czechia	0.198	0.010***	0.090	0.007***
Denmark	0.016	0.016	−0.029	0.015**
Estonia	0.267	0.021***	0.060	0.019***
Finland	0.025	0.011**	−0.018	0.009**
France	0.143	0.012***	0.064	0.011***
Germany	0.074	0.039*	0.013	0.037
Greece	0.146	0.015***	0.023	0.008***
Hungary	0.109	0.013***	0.032	0.010***
Ireland	0.082	0.020***	0.043	0.016***
Italy	0.071	0.011***	0.014	0.009
Latvia	0.215	0.028***	0.110	0.028***
Lithuania	0.269	0.031***	0.096	0.027***
Norway	−0.021	0.017	−0.064	0.017***
Poland	0.255	0.019***	0.069	0.015***
Portugal	0.086	0.010***	0.004	0.003
Romania	0.168	0.025***	0.017	0.014
Slovak Republic	0.168	0.019***	0.070	0.013***
Slovenia	−0.041	0.030	−0.090	0.028***
Spain	0.102	0.014***	0.027	0.010***
Sweden	0.033	0.023	−0.022	0.022
UK	0.095	0.015***	0.072	0.012***

	Low-pay time t-1		High-pay time t-1
	AME	s.e.	AME	s.e.
Austria	0.032	0.016*	−0.001	0.015
Belgium	0.067	0.014***	0.025	0.010*
Bulgaria	0.208	0.034***	0.095	0.029***
Croatia	0.173	0.034***	0.056	0.023*
Czechia	0.198	0.010***	0.090	0.007***
Denmark	0.016	0.016	−0.029	0.015**
Estonia	0.267	0.021***	0.060	0.019***
Finland	0.025	0.011**	−0.018	0.009**
France	0.143	0.012***	0.064	0.011***
Germany	0.074	0.039*	0.013	0.037
Greece	0.146	0.015***	0.023	0.008***
Hungary	0.109	0.013***	0.032	0.010***
Ireland	0.082	0.020***	0.043	0.016***
Italy	0.071	0.011***	0.014	0.009
Latvia	0.215	0.028***	0.110	0.028***
Lithuania	0.269	0.031***	0.096	0.027***
Norway	−0.021	0.017	−0.064	0.017***
Poland	0.255	0.019***	0.069	0.015***
Portugal	0.086	0.010***	0.004	0.003
Romania	0.168	0.025***	0.017	0.014
Slovak Republic	0.168	0.019***	0.070	0.013***
Slovenia	−0.041	0.030	−0.090	0.028***
Spain	0.102	0.014***	0.027	0.010***
Sweden	0.033	0.023	−0.022	0.022
UK	0.095	0.015***	0.072	0.012***

Note(s): We control for the set of covariates described in Section 3, including regional (where available) and year dummies. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Source(s): Authors’ calculations from 2003–2020 EU-SILC data

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