Table 2 Overview of coding technique... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Overview of coding technique

Analytical stage	Coding technique applied	Purpose of the stage	Output
Stage 1	Open coding	Identification of key phrases, expressions, and meanings emerging directly from interview data	First-order concepts grounded in participants' accounts
Stage 2	Axial coding	Clustering and relating first-order concepts into broader conceptual categories	Second-order themes reflecting patterned relationships
Stage 3	Aggregate dimensionalization	Abstraction of higher-order dimensions through iterative comparison and reflexive interpretation	Aggregate dimensions suitable for model development
Cross-stage procedure	Iterative and non-linear refinement	Identification of reciprocal relationships rather than linear causal links	Coherent and internally consistent dimensional structure

Analytical stage	Coding technique applied	Purpose of the stage	Output
Stage 1	Open coding	Identification of key phrases, expressions, and meanings emerging directly from interview data	First-order concepts grounded in participants' accounts
Stage 2	Axial coding	Clustering and relating first-order concepts into broader conceptual categories	Second-order themes reflecting patterned relationships
Stage 3	Aggregate dimensionalization	Abstraction of higher-order dimensions through iterative comparison and reflexive interpretation	Aggregate dimensions suitable for model development
Cross-stage procedure	Iterative and non-linear refinement	Identification of reciprocal relationships rather than linear causal links	Coherent and internally consistent dimensional structure