Chi-square tests
| Keywords | Managers | Employees | Chi-square | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |||
| Organizational support | Support | 15 | 8.88% | 9 | 3.96% | 4.10* |
| Help | 8 | 4.73% | 19 | 8.37% | 2.02 | |
| Labor | 3 | 1.78% | 4 | 1.76% | 0.00 | |
| Budget | 5 | 2.96% | 1 | 0.44% | 4.12* | |
| Supplies | 2 | 1.18% | 3 | 1.32% | 0.02 | |
| Equip | 1 | 0.59% | 1 | 0.44% | 0.04 | |
| Freedom | 1 | 0.59% | 0 | 0.00% | 1.35 | |
| Total | 30 | 17.75% | 35 | 15.42% | 0.38 | |
| Training | Train | 23 | 13.61% | 17 | 7.49% | 4.00* |
| Mentor | 3 | 1.78% | 1 | 0.44% | 1.73 | |
| Educate | 2 | 1.18% | 1 | 0.44% | 0.71 | |
| Class | 1 | 0.59% | 1 | 0.44% | 0.04 | |
| Total | 26 | 15.38% | 20 | 8.81% | 4.08* | |
| Compensation | Pay | 41 | 24.26% | 43 | 18.94% | 1.64 |
| Benefit | 35 | 20.71% | 39 | 17.18% | 0.79 | |
| Money | 9 | 5.33% | 9 | 3.96% | 0.41 | |
| Reward | 3 | 1.78% | 3 | 1.32% | 0.13 | |
| Incentive | 2 | 1.18% | 0 | 0.00% | 2.70 | |
| Total | 71 | 42.01% | 74 | 32.60% | 3.70† | |
| Business outlook | Organization | 3 | 1.78% | 1 | 0.44% | 1.73 |
| Total | 3 | 1.78% | 1 | 0.44% | 1.73 | |
| Management | Upper Management | 17 | 10.06% | 6 | 2.64% | 9.74** |
| Expect | 9 | 5.33% | 8 | 3.52% | 0.77 | |
| Leadership | 12 | 7.10% | 7 | 3.08% | 3.42† | |
| Communicate/Communication | 7 | 4.14% | 12 | 5.29% | 0.28 | |
| Recognition | 6 | 3.55% | 1 | 0.44% | 5.40* | |
| Believe | 4 | 2.37% | 3 | 1.32% | 0.61 | |
| Consistent/Consistency | 1 | 0.59% | 4 | 1.76% | 1.06 | |
| Total | 51 | 30.18% | 36 | 15.86% | 11.59** | |
| Opportunity | Opportunity | 12 | 7.10% | 8 | 3.52% | 2.58 |
| Growth | 18 | 10.65% | 6 | 2.64% | 10.91** | |
| Advance | 9 | 5.33% | 7 | 3.08% | 1.26 | |
| Potential | 3 | 1.78% | 4 | 1.76% | 0.00 | |
| Total | 36 | 21.30% | 23 | 10.13% | 9.53** | |
| Work-life balance | Time | 42 | 24.85% | 48 | 21.15% | 0.76 |
| Total | 42 | 24.85% | 48 | 21.15% | 0.76 | |
| Keywords | Managers | Employees | Chi-square | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | |||||
| Organizational support | Support | 15 | 8.88% | 9 | 3.96% | 4.10* |
| Help | 8 | 4.73% | 19 | 8.37% | 2.02 | |
| Labor | 3 | 1.78% | 4 | 1.76% | 0.00 | |
| Budget | 5 | 2.96% | 1 | 0.44% | 4.12* | |
| Supplies | 2 | 1.18% | 3 | 1.32% | 0.02 | |
| Equip | 1 | 0.59% | 1 | 0.44% | 0.04 | |
| Freedom | 1 | 0.59% | 0 | 0.00% | 1.35 | |
| Total | 30 | 17.75% | 35 | 15.42% | 0.38 | |
| Training | Train | 23 | 13.61% | 17 | 7.49% | 4.00* |
| Mentor | 3 | 1.78% | 1 | 0.44% | 1.73 | |
| Educate | 2 | 1.18% | 1 | 0.44% | 0.71 | |
| Class | 1 | 0.59% | 1 | 0.44% | 0.04 | |
| Total | 26 | 15.38% | 20 | 8.81% | 4.08* | |
| Compensation | Pay | 41 | 24.26% | 43 | 18.94% | 1.64 |
| Benefit | 35 | 20.71% | 39 | 17.18% | 0.79 | |
| Money | 9 | 5.33% | 9 | 3.96% | 0.41 | |
| Reward | 3 | 1.78% | 3 | 1.32% | 0.13 | |
| Incentive | 2 | 1.18% | 0 | 0.00% | 2.70 | |
| Total | 71 | 42.01% | 74 | 32.60% | 3.70† | |
| Business outlook | Organization | 3 | 1.78% | 1 | 0.44% | 1.73 |
| Total | 3 | 1.78% | 1 | 0.44% | 1.73 | |
| Management | Upper Management | 17 | 10.06% | 6 | 2.64% | 9.74** |
| Expect | 9 | 5.33% | 8 | 3.52% | 0.77 | |
| Leadership | 12 | 7.10% | 7 | 3.08% | 3.42† | |
| Communicate/Communication | 7 | 4.14% | 12 | 5.29% | 0.28 | |
| Recognition | 6 | 3.55% | 1 | 0.44% | 5.40* | |
| Believe | 4 | 2.37% | 3 | 1.32% | 0.61 | |
| Consistent/Consistency | 1 | 0.59% | 4 | 1.76% | 1.06 | |
| Total | 51 | 30.18% | 36 | 15.86% | 11.59** | |
| Opportunity | Opportunity | 12 | 7.10% | 8 | 3.52% | 2.58 |
| Growth | 18 | 10.65% | 6 | 2.64% | 10.91** | |
| Advance | 9 | 5.33% | 7 | 3.08% | 1.26 | |
| Potential | 3 | 1.78% | 4 | 1.76% | 0.00 | |
| Total | 36 | 21.30% | 23 | 10.13% | 9.53** | |
| Work-life balance | Time | 42 | 24.85% | 48 | 21.15% | 0.76 |
| Total | 42 | 24.85% | 48 | 21.15% | 0.76 | |
Note(s): †, *, **, Denote significance at the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels
Source(s): Author’s own work
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