Table 3

SM and SIE women's managerial career advancement database: common findings

Common findings across studies regarding SM and SIE women's managerial career advancementaFrequency of studies of skilled migrant womenFrequency of studies of self-initiated expatriate women
Discrimination arising from gender and racial bias against women is a barrier to their managerial career advancement38.28% (11 studies)
Discrimination arising from motherhood bias against women is a barrier to their managerial career advancement15.80% (6 studies)
Family commitments and responsibilities for a caregiving role hinder women's managerial career advancement opportunities39.47% (15 studies)
Career opportunities for women: lack of opportunities is a barrier to managerial career advancement for SMs and availability of opportunities is a facilitator for managerial career advancement for SIEs15.80% (6 studies)46.15% (12 studies)
Dissatisfaction with careers in the home country motivates women to initiate expatriation to pursue managerial advancement and career opportunities in the host country26.90% (7 studies)
Agency exercised by women to deal with the context regarding their advancement gains women managerial and career advancement23.08% (6 studies)

Note(s): a38 empirical studies of SM women and 26 empirical studies of SIE women

Dashes indicate where findings on common factors in relation to managerial career advancement are not reported by more than ten percent of studies of SM or SIE women

Source(s): Author’s own work

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