Distinguishing SM and SIE women on factors linked to managerial career advancement
| Level of barrier | SM women | SIE women |
|---|---|---|
| Type of barrier | Type of barrier | |
| Individual | Ascribed identities:
| na |
| Organizational | Gender discrimination and racial discrimination by superiors:
| na |
| Organizational | Discrimination against motherhood by gatekeepers:
| na |
| Organizational | Career opportunities
| Career opportunities
|
| Family | Family commitments and caregiver responsibilities
| na |
| Level of barrier | SM women | SIE women |
|---|---|---|
| Type of barrier | Type of barrier | |
| Ascribed identities: Gender, race Gender (woman) by migrant status (migrant); gender by race (non-White) | na | |
| Gender discrimination and racial discrimination by superiors: Gender bias (women) and racial bias (non-White, accent, language deficiency) Gender more than racial bias Bias marked at intersection of gender by race | na | |
| Discrimination against motherhood by gatekeepers: Superior bias during selection and promotion processes | na | |
| Career opportunities Lack of opportunities | Career opportunities Opportunities available | |
| Family commitments and caregiver responsibilities Mothers prioritize childcare over own career growth Child-rearing | na |
| Level of facilitator | Type of facilitator | Type of facilitator |
|---|---|---|
| Individual | na |
|
| Individual | na |
|
| Level of facilitator | Type of facilitator | Type of facilitator |
|---|---|---|
| na | Career dissatisfaction motivating initiating expatriation to gain managerial advancement | |
| na | Personal agency exercised to initiate actions to overcome problems in the environment for managerial advancement |
Note(s): na = not applicable: studies not conducted or common factors influencing managerial advancement given by fewer than 10% of a sample
Source(s): Author's own work
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