Descriptive statistics
| Variables | Number of observations | Mean | SD | Minimum value | Maximum value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ln(LP) | 44,780 | 5.565 | 1.296 | 1.667 | 10.042 |
| Ln(K/L) | 44,780 | 5.836 | 1.316 | 2.570 | 9.586 |
| Ln(L) | 44,780 | 3.056 | 1.769 | 0.000 | 7.516 |
| Ln(LQ) | 44,780 | 4.198 | 0.615 | 1.505 | 6.158 |
| Ln(DR) | 44,780 | 3.584 | 1.270 | −2.955 | 5.711 |
| Ln(TP) | 44,780 | 2.170 | 1.977 | −3.182 | 6.761 |
| Ln(PCI) | 44,780 | 4.159 | 0.049 | 3.921 | 4.319 |
| Variables | Number of observations | Mean | Minimum value | Maximum value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ln( | 44,780 | 5.565 | 1.296 | 1.667 | 10.042 |
| Ln(K/L) | 44,780 | 5.836 | 1.316 | 2.570 | 9.586 |
| Ln(L) | 44,780 | 3.056 | 1.769 | 0.000 | 7.516 |
| Ln( | 44,780 | 4.198 | 0.615 | 1.505 | 6.158 |
| Ln( | 44,780 | 3.584 | 1.270 | −2.955 | 5.711 |
| Ln( | 44,780 | 2.170 | 1.977 | −3.182 | 6.761 |
| Ln( | 44,780 | 4.159 | 0.049 | 3.921 | 4.319 |
LP denotes labour productivity measured as value added per worker (million VND, log-transformed). K/L denotes fixed assets per worker (million VND, log-transformed). L denotes labour size, measured as the total number of employees (log-transformed). LQ denotes labour quality, proxied by average wage per worker (million VND, log-transformed). DR denotes financial leverage, measured as the ratio of total liabilities to total assets. TP denotes market share, measured as the firm’s output relative to total industry output (percentage). PCI denotes provincial competitiveness index, measured on a scale from 0 to 100
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