Table 2. PCA results regarding barriers...

Table 2.

PCA results regarding barriers to engagement in climate change mitigation behaviors among Taipei residents

Barriers	Mean (SD)	Factor loading
Barriers	Mean (SD)	Lack of perceived necessity	Cost	Efficacy	Lack of opportunity
Factor 1: Lack of perceived necessity
Climate change seems distant and irrelevant to me because it will affect places far from Taiwan	1.82 (0.73)	0.82	0.16	0.20	0.14
Climate change feels irrelevant to me at present because its effects will only happen in the distant future	1.95 (0.78)	0.78	0.15	0.28	0.15
I perceive no effects of climate change on my personal life	1.80 (0.67)	0.74	0.10	0.22	0.08
I do not care about the effects of climate change on nonhuman species and the environment	1.74 (0.66)	0.70	0.29	0.01	0.12
I am unwilling to alter my current lifestyle to mitigate climate change	2.12 (0.71)	0.64	0.53	0.17	0.10
I am too lazy to engage in mitigation behaviors	2.09 (0.73)	0.56	0.52	0.23	0.18
Factor 2: Cost
Engaging in mitigation behaviors (e.g. not eating meat or traveling abroad) will reduce my emotional satisfaction	2.55 (0.78)	0.15	0.70	0.15	−0.05
Engaging in mitigation behaviors is too inconvenient for me	2.26 (0.73)	0.38	0.69	0.25	0.13
I must sacrifice health and cleanliness to participate in mitigation behaviors	2.23 (0.74)	0.37	0.61	0.12	0.13
My appliances are still new, so replacing them with energy-saving appliances would be wasteful	2.59 (0.79)	0.00	0.61	0.22	0.09
Engaging in mitigation behaviors requires too much time	2.06 (0.70)	0.54	0.60	0.19	0.19
Engaging in mitigation behaviors costs too much money	2.23 (0.83)	0.41	0.50	0.24	0.20
Factor 3: Efficacy
I do not believe enterprises are taking sufficient action against climate change, so my efforts would be useless	2.34 (0.90)	0.18	0.23	0.87	0.12
I do not believe the government is taking sufficient action against climate change, so my efforts would be useless	2.27 (0.84)	0.17	0.26	0.85	0.14
I do not believe others are taking sufficient action against climate change, so my efforts would be useless	2.25 (0.87)	0.26	0.19	0.77	0.06
I believe that mitigation behaviors will be ineffective in addressing climate change	1.98 (0.77)	0.55	0.13	0.56	0.07
I am uncertain of whether so-called mitigation behaviors might make climate change worse	2.36 (0.78)	0.16	0.32	0.54	0.26
Factor 4: Lack of opportunity
I believe opportunities for me to engage in climate change mitigation behaviors are insufficient	2.23 (0.69)	0.17	0.15	0.21	0.78
I believe that in Taipei city, the infrastructure for engaging in mitigation behaviors is not yet widespread enough (e.g. MRT routes and bus stops are insufficient and bike lanes or electric vehicle charging stations are lacking)	2.54 (0.80)	0.06	−0.03	−0.09	0.75
I have limited knowledge of effective actions to mitigate clime change	2.24 (0.75)	0.24	0.09	0.29	0.63
Aligning my lifestyle with that of family and friends creates difficulties in terms of engaging in mitigation behavior	2.34 (0.75)	0.06	0.43	0.21	0.54
% of variance		20.71	16.64	16.04	10.36
Cumulative %		20.71	37.36	53.39	63.76
Cronbach’s alpha		0.89	0.83	0.88	0.70

Barriers	Mean (SD)	Factor loading
Barriers	Mean (SD)	Lack of perceived necessity	Cost	Efficacy	Lack of opportunity
Factor 1: Lack of perceived necessity
Climate change seems distant and irrelevant to me because it will affect places far from Taiwan	1.82 (0.73)	0.82	0.16	0.20	0.14
Climate change feels irrelevant to me at present because its effects will only happen in the distant future	1.95 (0.78)	0.78	0.15	0.28	0.15
I perceive no effects of climate change on my personal life	1.80 (0.67)	0.74	0.10	0.22	0.08
I do not care about the effects of climate change on nonhuman species and the environment	1.74 (0.66)	0.70	0.29	0.01	0.12
I am unwilling to alter my current lifestyle to mitigate climate change	2.12 (0.71)	0.64	0.53	0.17	0.10
I am too lazy to engage in mitigation behaviors	2.09 (0.73)	0.56	0.52	0.23	0.18
Factor 2: Cost
Engaging in mitigation behaviors (e.g. not eating meat or traveling abroad) will reduce my emotional satisfaction	2.55 (0.78)	0.15	0.70	0.15	−0.05
Engaging in mitigation behaviors is too inconvenient for me	2.26 (0.73)	0.38	0.69	0.25	0.13
I must sacrifice health and cleanliness to participate in mitigation behaviors	2.23 (0.74)	0.37	0.61	0.12	0.13
My appliances are still new, so replacing them with energy-saving appliances would be wasteful	2.59 (0.79)	0.00	0.61	0.22	0.09
Engaging in mitigation behaviors requires too much time	2.06 (0.70)	0.54	0.60	0.19	0.19
Engaging in mitigation behaviors costs too much money	2.23 (0.83)	0.41	0.50	0.24	0.20
Factor 3: Efficacy
I do not believe enterprises are taking sufficient action against climate change, so my efforts would be useless	2.34 (0.90)	0.18	0.23	0.87	0.12
I do not believe the government is taking sufficient action against climate change, so my efforts would be useless	2.27 (0.84)	0.17	0.26	0.85	0.14
I do not believe others are taking sufficient action against climate change, so my efforts would be useless	2.25 (0.87)	0.26	0.19	0.77	0.06
I believe that mitigation behaviors will be ineffective in addressing climate change	1.98 (0.77)	0.55	0.13	0.56	0.07
I am uncertain of whether so-called mitigation behaviors might make climate change worse	2.36 (0.78)	0.16	0.32	0.54	0.26
Factor 4: Lack of opportunity
I believe opportunities for me to engage in climate change mitigation behaviors are insufficient	2.23 (0.69)	0.17	0.15	0.21	0.78
I believe that in Taipei city, the infrastructure for engaging in mitigation behaviors is not yet widespread enough (e.g. MRT routes and bus stops are insufficient and bike lanes or electric vehicle charging stations are lacking)	2.54 (0.80)	0.06	−0.03	−0.09	0.75
I have limited knowledge of effective actions to mitigate clime change	2.24 (0.75)	0.24	0.09	0.29	0.63
Aligning my lifestyle with that of family and friends creates difficulties in terms of engaging in mitigation behavior	2.34 (0.75)	0.06	0.43	0.21	0.54
% of variance		20.71	16.64	16.04	10.36
Cumulative %		20.71	37.36	53.39	63.76
Cronbach’s alpha		0.89	0.83	0.88	0.70

Note(s):

n = 385. SD = standard deviation. Factor extraction was achieved through principal component analysis with an oblique (Varimax with Kaiser normalization) rotation. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.92. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was 4,740.78. Values in italic indicate the variables with the highest loadings for each principal component. $(p < 0.05)$

Source(s): Authors’ own creation

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