Table 3. Summary of some common CSA... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Summary of some common CSA practices in Ethiopia

CSA practice	Components	Why it is climate smart
Integrated soil fertility management	• Reduced tillage • Cropresidue management and mulching • Crop rotation/ intercropping with cereals and legumes	• Carbon sequestration • Reduce existing emission • Resilience to dry and hot spells
Small-scale irrigation	• Compost and manure management, including green manure • Efficient fertilizer application techniques (time, method, amount)	• Reduce emission of nitrous oxide and CH₄ • Improved soil productivity
Agroforestry	• Tree-based conservation agriculture • Practiced both traditionally and as improved practice • Farmer managed natural regeneration	• Trees store large quantities of CO₂ • Can support resilience and improved productivity of agriculture
Crop diversification	• Popularization of new crops and crop varieties • Pest resistance, high yielding, drought tolerant, short season	• Ensuring food security • Resilience toweather variability • Alternative livelihoods and improved incomes
Improved livestock feed and feeding practices	• Reduced open grazing/zero grazing • Forage development and rangeland management • Feed improvement • Livestock breed improvement	• Improved livestock productivity • GHG reduction • CH4 reduction
Others	• Water conservation and harvesting • Early-warning and weather information • Support to alternative energy sources • Crop and livestock insurance • Livelihoods diversification • Post-harvest technologies	• Resilience of agriculture • Improved incomes • Reduced emissions • Reduced deforestation • Reduced climate risk

CSA practice	Components	Why it is climate smart
Integrated soil fertility management	• Reduced tillage• Cropresidue management and mulching• Crop rotation/ intercropping with cereals and legumes	• Carbon sequestration• Reduce existing emission• Resilience to dry and hot spells
Small-scale irrigation	• Compost and manure management, including green manure• Efficient fertilizer application techniques (time, method, amount)	• Reduce emission of nitrous oxide and CH₄• Improved soil productivity
Agroforestry	• Tree-based conservation agriculture• Practiced both traditionally and as improved practice• Farmer managed natural regeneration	• Trees store large quantities of CO₂• Can support resilience and improved productivity of agriculture
Crop diversification	• Popularization of new crops and crop varieties• Pest resistance, high yielding, drought tolerant, short season	• Ensuring food security• Resilience toweather variability• Alternative livelihoods and improved incomes
Improved livestock feed and feeding practices	• Reduced open grazing/zero grazing• Forage development and rangeland management• Feed improvement• Livestock breed improvement	• Improved livestock productivity• GHG reduction• CH4 reduction
Others	• Water conservation and harvesting• Early-warning and weather information• Support to alternative energy sources• Crop and livestock insurance• Livelihoods diversification• Post-harvest technologies	• Resilience of agriculture• Improved incomes• Reduced emissions• Reduced deforestation• Reduced climate risk

Source: FAO (2016)