Summary of the systematic review for determinate of CSA adoption and its implications
| Authors name and year | Title and study area | Result of the studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSA practice | Determinants of CSA adoption | Implication on food security, resiliency and risk management | ||
| Tekeste (2021) | Climate-smart agricultural practices and its implications to food security in Siyadebrina Wayu District, Ethiopia | Conservation, agriculture, ISFM, irrigation, improved feed | Household size, farming system, income, irrigated farm, distance to market, farm size and access to credit | Found CSA have the potential to alleviate food insecurity among small-scale farmers |
| Tsige et al. (2020) | Gendered constraints for adopting climate-smart agriculture amongst smallholder Ethiopian women farmers | Comprehensive CSA study | Access to credit, extension services, membership in cooperatives, land, training and information | Not addressed |
| Belay et al. (2023) | Determinants of climate-smart agricultural practices in smallholder plots: in Wadla district, northeast Ethiopia | Improved crop varieties, intercropping, improved livestock breeds and rainwater harvesting | Sex, education, livestock holding, access to credit, farm distance, market distance and training | Not addressed |
| Sertse et al. (2021) | Farm households’ perceptions and adaptation strategies to climate change risks from Raya Azebo district, Ethiopia | Crop diversification, mulching, SWC, and improved seed | Household head’s age, literacy level, utilization of credit service, extension services | Improving CSA practice adoption had significant effect livelihood resilience |
| Ali et al. (2022) | Impact of climate-smart agriculture adoption on food security, poverty of rural farm households in Rift Valley Ethiopia | Conservation, soil fertility management, crop diversification, irrigation | Monthly income, access to extension, access to credit and dependency ratio | Improve food security and reducing risk of crop failure |
| Beyene (2018) | Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices: Determinants and Challenges in Gerar Jarso Woreda of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia | Agroforestry, compost adoption, mulching | Sex, education, income, livestock, knowledge, extension services organizations membership | Not addressed |
| Tesfaye et al. (2019) | Climate-smart Innovations and rural poverty: exploring impacts and pathways in Ethiopia | Minimum tillage, cereal-legume intercropping | Not addressed | CSA practices reduce the depth of poverty via risk mitigation role |
| Fentie and Beyene (2019) | Climate-smart agricultural practices and welfare of rural smallholders in Ethiopia: Does planting method matter? | Row planting technology | Not addressed | Positive and significant impact on per capita consumption and on crop income per hectare |
| Negera et al. (2022) | Determinants of adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among farmers in Bale-Eco region, Ethiopia | Multiple CSA practices | Age, education, land size, household asset value, extension contacts, awareness to climate change and farmer experience with climatic shocks | Not addressed |
| Diro et al. (2022) | Determinants of adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices in the coffee-based farming system of Ethiopia | Applied minimum tillage (36%), intercropping (45%), improved forage (19%), SWM (47%) | Participation on field days, education, extension, ownership of communication devices (radio) | Improving livelihoods, economic growth and sustainable development in the region of Ethiopia |
| Sisay et al. (2023) | Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies and Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption Decisions in the Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia | Crop diversification, agroforestry, integrated soil fertility management | Age, sex, education, farmland size, livestock ownership, income, access to credit, access to climate information, training and extension contact | Not addressed |
| Adamseged and Kebede (2023) | Are farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies understated? Evidence from two communities in Northern Ethiopian Highlands | Short maturing crop and irrigation, soil conservation | Sex, age, household size, membership of associations | Not addressed |
| Amare and Simane (2017) | Determinants of smallholder farmers’ decision to adopt adaptation options to climate change and variability in the Muger Sub basin of the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia | Small-scale irrigation, agronomic practices, livelihood diversification, SWC measures | Credit access, social capital, educational status, farmland size, gender, livestock, distance to marketplace and exposure to early warning | Not addressed |
| Belay et al. (2023) | Does climate-smart agriculture improve household income and food security? Evidence in Ethiopia | Multiple CSA practices | Extension services, climate services and subsidies | Positive effect on farm income and food security |
| Tesfaye and Nayak (2023) | Climate Change Adaptation Measures by Farm Households in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia: An Application of Multivariate Analysis Approach | Agro-forestry, irrigation, soil conservation, adjusting planting and crop diversification | Gender, age, family size, farming experience, income land size; agro-ecology, soil fertility, land slope, market distance, extension contact | Not addressed |
| Mekonnen (2022) | The Climate Change-Agriculture Nexus in Drylands of Ethiopia | Conservation agriculture, grazing land management, crop rotation, crop residue | Not addressed | Maintain agricultural productivity, reduces GHGs emission, minimize impact of climate change |
| Moges and Ayen (2023) | The effects of climate change adaptation strategies on the welfare of rural farm households in Ethiopia | Combination of crop rotation and improved seed | Temperature and rainfall pattern | Positive effect on welfare improvement of farmers |
| Asmare et al. (2018) | The effect of climate change adaptation strategy on farm households’ welfare in the Nile basin of Ethiopia | Crop diversification | Not addressed | Helps to build a resilient agricultural system and improve the well-being of farm households |
| Authors name and year | Title and study area | Result of the studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSA practice | Determinants of CSA adoption | Implication on food security, resiliency and risk management | ||
| Climate-smart agricultural practices and its implications to food security in Siyadebrina Wayu District, Ethiopia | Conservation, agriculture, ISFM, irrigation, improved feed | Household size, farming system, income, irrigated farm, distance to market, farm size and access to credit | Found CSA have the potential to alleviate food insecurity among small-scale farmers | |
| Gendered constraints for adopting climate-smart agriculture amongst smallholder Ethiopian women farmers | Comprehensive CSA study | Access to credit, extension services, membership in cooperatives, land, training and information | Not addressed | |
| Determinants of climate-smart agricultural practices in smallholder plots: in Wadla district, northeast Ethiopia | Improved crop varieties, intercropping, improved livestock breeds and rainwater harvesting | Sex, education, livestock holding, access to credit, farm distance, market distance and training | Not addressed | |
| Farm households’ perceptions and adaptation strategies to climate change risks from Raya Azebo district, Ethiopia | Crop diversification, mulching, SWC, and improved seed | Household head’s age, literacy level, utilization of credit service, extension services | Improving CSA practice adoption had significant effect livelihood resilience | |
| Impact of climate-smart agriculture adoption on food security, poverty of rural farm households in Rift Valley Ethiopia | Conservation, soil fertility management, crop diversification, irrigation | Monthly income, access to extension, access to credit and dependency ratio | Improve food security and reducing risk of crop failure | |
| Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices: Determinants and Challenges in Gerar Jarso Woreda of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia | Agroforestry, compost adoption, mulching | Sex, education, income, livestock, knowledge, extension services organizations membership | Not addressed | |
| Climate-smart Innovations and rural poverty: exploring impacts and pathways in Ethiopia | Minimum tillage, cereal-legume intercropping | Not addressed | CSA practices reduce the depth of poverty via risk mitigation role | |
| Climate-smart agricultural practices and welfare of rural smallholders in Ethiopia: Does planting method matter? | Row planting technology | Not addressed | Positive and significant impact on per capita consumption and on crop income per hectare | |
| Determinants of adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among farmers in Bale-Eco region, Ethiopia | Multiple CSA practices | Age, education, land size, household asset value, extension contacts, awareness to climate change and farmer experience with climatic shocks | Not addressed | |
| Determinants of adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices in the coffee-based farming system of Ethiopia | Applied minimum tillage (36%), intercropping (45%), improved forage (19%), SWM (47%) | Participation on field days, education, extension, ownership of communication devices (radio) | Improving livelihoods, economic growth and sustainable development in the region of Ethiopia | |
| Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies and Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption Decisions in the Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia | Crop diversification, agroforestry, integrated soil fertility management | Age, sex, education, farmland size, livestock ownership, income, access to credit, access to climate information, training and extension contact | Not addressed | |
| Are farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies understated? Evidence from two communities in Northern Ethiopian Highlands | Short maturing crop and irrigation, soil conservation | Sex, age, household size, membership of associations | Not addressed | |
| Determinants of smallholder farmers’ decision to adopt adaptation options to climate change and variability in the Muger Sub basin of the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia | Small-scale irrigation, agronomic practices, livelihood diversification, SWC measures | Credit access, social capital, educational status, farmland size, gender, livestock, distance to marketplace and exposure to early warning | Not addressed | |
| Does climate-smart agriculture improve household income and food security? Evidence in Ethiopia | Multiple CSA practices | Extension services, climate services and subsidies | Positive effect on farm income and food security | |
| Climate Change Adaptation Measures by Farm Households in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia: An Application of Multivariate Analysis Approach | Agro-forestry, irrigation, soil conservation, adjusting planting and crop diversification | Gender, age, family size, farming experience, income land size; agro-ecology, soil fertility, land slope, market distance, extension contact | Not addressed | |
| The Climate Change-Agriculture Nexus in Drylands of Ethiopia | Conservation agriculture, grazing land management, crop rotation, crop residue | Not addressed | Maintain agricultural productivity, reduces GHGs emission, minimize impact of climate change | |
| The effects of climate change adaptation strategies on the welfare of rural farm households in Ethiopia | Combination of crop rotation and improved seed | Temperature and rainfall pattern | Positive effect on welfare improvement of farmers | |
| The effect of climate change adaptation strategy on farm households’ welfare in the Nile basin of Ethiopia | Crop diversification | Not addressed | Helps to build a resilient agricultural system and improve the well-being of farm households | |
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