Table 3.

Description of indicators (governance/economic indicators)

IndicatorDescriptionUnit of measureSource
Expenditure on environmental protectionFunds allocated by governments and organizations to activities aimed at preserving and improving the environment, including conservation efforts and pollution control measures% of GDPIMF
Expenditure on pollution abatementFinancial resources are spent on reducing or eliminating the release of pollutants into the air, water and soil to mitigate environmental damage and improve public health% of GDPIMF
Expenditure on waste managementInvestments in the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials to ensure they are managed in an environmentally sound manner% of GDPIMF
Expenditure on wastewater managementCosts associated with the treatment and management of wastewater to prevent water pollution and protect water resources, including infrastructure and operational expenses% of GDPIMF
GDP per capita (real GDP)The average economic output per person, adjusted for inflation, reflecting the standard of living and overall economic health of a country by dividing the total GDP by the populationReal expenditure per capitaEurostat
Source: Authors’ own synthesis

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