Description of the variables used and their expected signs in the regression
| Variable type | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Database | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | ||||
| Suicides | S | Suicide and suicide attempts. This covers crucial suicide registration, hospital-based suicide attempt registries and nationally representative surveys that gather data on self-reported suicide attempts. (ICD-10 codes: X60-X84, Y870) | International Classification of Diseases (ICD), WHO mortality database (MDB), www.who.int/data/data-collection-tools/who-mortality-database | |
| Homicides | H | Homicide is the killing of a person by another with the intent of causing death or serious injury, by any means. (ICD-10 codes: X85-Y09, Y871) | ||
| Lethal violence | LV | Suicides + homicides | ||
| Independent variables (IV) | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Exptd. sign | Database |
| Annual surface temperature change | TEMP | Temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology (°C), i.e. surface temperature change | + | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2022. FAOSTAT Climate Change www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ET |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions | TGHG | The total greenhouse gas emissions, measured in kilotons of CO2 equivalent, encompass several components. This includes the total CO2 emissions, CH4 (methane), N2O (nitrous oxide) and F-gases (fluorinated gases, including HFCs, PFCs and SF6). The measurement provides a comprehensive assessment of various human-induced activities contributing to greenhouse gas emissions | + | World Bank, Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions (1990–2020) 2023. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at: www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions |
| Unemployment | UN | % of unemployed population (out of total population) | +/− | WDI |
| GDP growth | GDPG | Annual gross domestic product growth | +/− | WDI |
| Globalization Index | GLOB | The KOF Globalization Index is measured by the economic, social and political aspects of globalization | +/− | KOF GLOBALIZATION INDEX |
| Urbanization | URB | % of urbanization population (out of total population) | +/− | WDI |
| Variable type | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Database | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suicides | S | Suicide and suicide attempts. This covers crucial suicide registration, hospital-based suicide attempt registries and nationally representative surveys that gather data on self-reported suicide attempts. (ICD-10 codes: X60-X84, Y870) | International Classification of Diseases (ICD), WHO mortality database (MDB), | |
| Homicides | H | Homicide is the killing of a person by another with the intent of causing death or serious injury, by any means. (ICD-10 codes: X85-Y09, Y871) | ||
| Lethal violence | LV | Suicides + homicides | ||
| Annual surface temperature change | TEMP | Temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology (°C), i.e. surface temperature change | + | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2022. FAOSTAT Climate Change |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions | TGHG | The total greenhouse gas emissions, measured in kilotons of CO2 equivalent, encompass several components. This includes the total CO2 emissions, CH4 (methane), N2O (nitrous oxide) and F-gases (fluorinated gases, including HFCs, PFCs and SF6). The measurement provides a comprehensive assessment of various human-induced activities contributing to greenhouse gas emissions | + | World Bank, Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions (1990–2020) 2023. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at: |
| Unemployment | UN | % of unemployed population (out of total population) | +/− | WDI |
| GDP growth | GDPG | Annual gross domestic product growth | +/− | WDI |
| Globalization Index | GLOB | The KOF Globalization Index is measured by the economic, social and political aspects of globalization | +/− | KOF GLOBALIZATION INDEX |
| Urbanization | URB | % of urbanization population (out of total population) | +/− | WDI |
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