Table 1. Variables and indicators used...

Table 1.

Variables and indicators used to analyse the effectiveness of African pastoral communities’ responses to climate change

Variables	Set of indicators
Adaptation strategies	• Physical capabilities – geographical location, access to good road networks; means of transportation• Financial capabilities – access to credit and alternative sources of income• Social capital – availability of social networks• Human capital – access to training opportunities, literacy level, access and control of information• Economic asset – access to market, stability in market values (Tolera and Senbeta, 2020)
Factors influencing pastoral communities’ adaptation to climate change	• Governance – partnership in identifying and implementing adaptation measures, decision-making, equity, respect for the rule of law, transparency, conflict resolution ability within and out of the system and legitimisation (Naimir, 1991; Flintan and Cullis, 2010; Reid et al., 2013; Nagabhatla et al., 2021; Falayi et al., 2022)• Institutional intervention – availability, forms and adequacy of institutional support, traditional and cultural influence (Tolera and Senbeta, 2020; Falayi et al., 2022)• Conflicts – types, duration and impacts on pastoral livelihoods (land use, political, etc.) (ACCORD, 2014)• Policy changes – land tenure, land reforms, settlement policies (Tolera and Senbeta, 2020)• Poverty – country and community level of poverty• Rules – types of rules, efficiency in implementations, outcomes (Naimir, 1991; Tolera and Senbeta, 2020)

Variables

Set of indicators

Adaptation strategies

• Physical capabilities – geographical location, access to good road networks; means of transportation• Financial capabilities – access to credit and alternative sources of income• Social capital – availability of social networks• Human capital – access to training opportunities, literacy level, access and control of information• Economic asset – access to market, stability in market values (Tolera and Senbeta, 2020)

Factors influencing pastoral communities’ adaptation to climate change

• Governance – partnership in identifying and implementing adaptation measures, decision-making, equity, respect for the rule of law, transparency, conflict resolution ability within and out of the system and legitimisation (Naimir, 1991; Flintan and Cullis, 2010; Reid et al., 2013; Nagabhatla et al., 2021; Falayi et al., 2022)• Institutional intervention – availability, forms and adequacy of institutional support, traditional and cultural influence (Tolera and Senbeta, 2020; Falayi et al., 2022)• Conflicts – types, duration and impacts on pastoral livelihoods (land use, political, etc.) (ACCORD, 2014)• Policy changes – land tenure, land reforms, settlement policies (Tolera and Senbeta, 2020)• Poverty – country and community level of poverty• Rules – types of rules, efficiency in implementations, outcomes (Naimir, 1991; Tolera and Senbeta, 2020)

Source: Compiled by the authors

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