Table 2

Descriptive statistics

VariablesObservationsMeanStandard deviationMinimumMaximum
Dependent variable
DisKM (actual)4366.767.720.0350.00
DisMN (actual)43622.2820.101.00120.00
DisKM (log)4361.471.02−3.513.91
DisMN (log)4362.760.870.004.79
Aud_Fee4366.070.912.308.94
Independent variable
Chair_Narc4360.120.100.000.63
CEO_Narc4360.110.110.000.60
Chair_Narc_Sig4360.020.020.000.08
CEO_Narc_Sig4360.020.020.000.06
Chair_Narc_Pic4361.781.410.004.00
CEO_Narc_Pic4361.661.380.004.00
Control variables
Chair_Gen4360.150.360.001.00
CEO_Gen4360.050.220.001.00
FDR4360.160.140.000.62
IDR4360.230.100.000.83
AC_Size (log)4361.390.270.693.76
Aud_Lag (log)4364.760.343.295.70
Aud_Ten4362.281.091.005.00
Big44360.200.400.001.00
Firm_Size (log)43616.071.9112.5020.08
Firm_Age (log)4363.200.411.954.13
ROA4360.030.04−0.140.24
Lev4360.570.300.001.83
Yearend4360.6280.4830.001.00

Note(s): Table 2 reports the key descriptive statistics for the dependent, independent, and control variables used in this study. Variable definitions are provided in  Appendix

Source(s): Authors’ constructed

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options