Results on oil market, leakage, and adjustment costs under fourfold (US_4) and eightfold (US_8) supply elasticities for oil and gas in the US.
| EU | EU×USA | OECD | EU×USA×CHN | OECD×CHN | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COM | DOM | COM | DOM | COM | DOM | COM | DOM | COM | DOM | |
| Oil market* | ||||||||||
| Crude oil price | −0.72 | −0.06 | −1.27 | −0.42 | −1.93 | −0.88 | −1.15 | −0.59 | −1.67 | −0.97 |
| OPEC supply | − 0.12 | −1.75 | −0.37 | −2:50 | −0:60 | −3.20 | −0.40 | −1.85 | −0.58 | −2.40 |
| Non-OPEC supply | −0.70 | −0.17 | −1.75 | −0.61 | −2.70 | −1.30 | −1.53 | −0.78 | −2.27 | −1.33 |
| Coalition consumption | −5.32 | −5.27 | −4.22 | −4.47 | −4.34 | −4.66 | −2.97 | −3.18 | −3.06 | −3.33 |
| Non-Coalition consumption | 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 0.52 | 1.44 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.56 | 1.27 | 0.86 |
| Leakage** | ||||||||||
| Total leakage | 18.0 | 15.3 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Coal leakage | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Gas leakage | 4.6 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Oil leakage | 6.2 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Adjustment costs*** | ||||||||||
| Global | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
| Coalition | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| OPEC | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.54 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 1.26 | 0.48 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 1.05 |
| ROW | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.7 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| Oil market* | ||||||||||
| Crude oil price | −0.63 | −0.26 | −0.98 | −0.27 | −1.56 | −0.60 | −0.92 | −0.40 | −1.37 | −0.68 |
| OPEC supply | −0.08 | −1.20 | −0.24 | −2.35 | −0.43 | −3.20 | −0.29 | −1.90 | −0.44 | −2.55 |
| Non-OPEC supply | −0.81 | −0.15 | −2.06 | −0.83 | −3.09 | −1.47 | −1.78 | −0.87 | −2.59 | −1.39 |
| Coalition consumption | −5.35 | −5.32 | −4.30 | −4.52 | −4.45 | −4.75 | −3.05 | −3.25 | −3.16 | −3.43 |
| Non-Coalition consumption | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.83 | 0.47 | 1.28 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.49 | 1.14 | 0.74 |
| Leakage** | ||||||||||
| Total leakage | 17.7 | 16.2 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Coal leakage | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Gas leakage | 4.6 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Oil leakage | 5.8 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Adjustment costs*** | ||||||||||
| Global | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Coalition | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14 |
| OPEC | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 1.12 | 0.39 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.96 |
| ROW | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.10 |
| EU | EU×USA | OECD | EU×USA×CHN | OECD×CHN | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COM | DOM | COM | DOM | COM | DOM | COM | DOM | COM | DOM | |
| Oil market | ||||||||||
| Crude oil price | −0.72 | −0.06 | −1.27 | −0.42 | −1.93 | −0.88 | −1.15 | −0.59 | −1.67 | −0.97 |
| OPEC supply | − 0.12 | −1.75 | −0.37 | −2:50 | −0:60 | −3.20 | −0.40 | −1.85 | −0.58 | −2.40 |
| Non-OPEC supply | −0.70 | −0.17 | −1.75 | −0.61 | −2.70 | −1.30 | −1.53 | −0.78 | −2.27 | −1.33 |
| Coalition consumption | −5.32 | −5.27 | −4.22 | −4.47 | −4.34 | −4.66 | −2.97 | −3.18 | −3.06 | −3.33 |
| Non-Coalition consumption | 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 0.52 | 1.44 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.56 | 1.27 | 0.86 |
| Leakage | ||||||||||
| Total leakage | 18.0 | 15.3 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Coal leakage | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Gas leakage | 4.6 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Oil leakage | 6.2 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Adjustment costs | ||||||||||
| Global | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
| Coalition | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| OPEC | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.54 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 1.26 | 0.48 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 1.05 |
| ROW | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.7 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| Oil market | ||||||||||
| Crude oil price | −0.63 | −0.26 | −0.98 | −0.27 | −1.56 | −0.60 | −0.92 | −0.40 | −1.37 | −0.68 |
| OPEC supply | −0.08 | −1.20 | −0.24 | −2.35 | −0.43 | −3.20 | −0.29 | −1.90 | −0.44 | −2.55 |
| Non-OPEC supply | −0.81 | −0.15 | −2.06 | −0.83 | −3.09 | −1.47 | −1.78 | −0.87 | −2.59 | −1.39 |
| Coalition consumption | −5.35 | −5.32 | −4.30 | −4.52 | −4.45 | −4.75 | −3.05 | −3.25 | −3.16 | −3.43 |
| Non-Coalition consumption | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.83 | 0.47 | 1.28 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.49 | 1.14 | 0.74 |
| Leakage | ||||||||||
| Total leakage | 17.7 | 16.2 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Coal leakage | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Gas leakage | 4.6 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Oil leakage | 5.8 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Adjustment costs | ||||||||||
| Global | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Coalition | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14 |
| OPEC | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 1.12 | 0.39 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.96 |
| ROW | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.10 |
in percentage change w.r.t. business-as-usual;
in percentage;
in Hicksian EV as % share of business-as-usual GDP
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