Table 1 Operationalization of the study... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Operationalization of the study variables

Scale	Subscale	N° items	Example item	Response scale	Reliability	Source
Leadership practice
	Goal-orientated leadership	7	“Leadership at our school gives us a sense of overall purpose.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.95	AUTHORS [12], translated and adapted from Leithwood et al. (2006)
	Intellectual stimulation	5	“Leadership at our school encourages me to try new practices consistent with my own interests.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.91
	Shared decision-making	4	“Leadership at our school distributes leadership tasks widely within the teaching staff.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.91
	Systematic planning of PD	6	“Leadership at our school provides us with sufficient time for professional development and training.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.86
	Providing a safe learning and working environment	4	“Leadership at our school fosters a safe learning environment for all in the school.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.86
Staff consensus on school objectives		3	“My colleagues and I agree on what our school goals are focused on.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.91	translated and adapted from Leithwood et al. (2006)
Interpersonal trust among colleagues		9	“My colleagues are honest and sincere with me.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.92	adapted from Kassebaum (2004)
CTRI		6	“Our school is committed to genuine renewal and development.”	1 = does not apply at all; 5 = applies completely	α = 0.84	Quellenberg (2009)

Scale	Subscale	N° items	Example item	Response scale	Reliability	Source
Leadership practice
	Goal-orientated leadership	7	“Leadership at our school gives us a sense of overall purpose.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.95	AUTHORS [12], translated and adapted from Leithwood et al. (2006)
	Intellectual stimulation	5	“Leadership at our school encourages me to try new practices consistent with my own interests.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.91
	Shared decision-making	4	“Leadership at our school distributes leadership tasks widely within the teaching staff.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.91
	Systematic planning of PD	6	“Leadership at our school provides us with sufficient time for professional development and training.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.86
	Providing a safe learning and working environment	4	“Leadership at our school fosters a safe learning environment for all in the school.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.86
Staff consensus on schoolobjectives		3	“My colleagues and I agree on what our school goals are focused on.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.91	translated and adapted from Leithwood et al. (2006)
Interpersonal trust among colleagues		9	“My colleagues are honest and sincere with me.”	1 = do not agree at all; 5 = fully agree	α = 0.92	adapted from Kassebaum (2004)
CTRI		6	“Our school is committed to genuine renewal and development.”	1 = does not apply at all; 5 = applies completely	α = 0.84	Quellenberg (2009)

Note(s): Item examples are translated versions of the German items; α = Cronbach’s alpha

Source(s): Authors’ own work