Table 2.

Chosen case studies for the investigation

Case no.Project typeTimelineStatusData sourcesPages
1Tramway construction project2017–2023CompletedDevelopment phase plan (HR), implementation plan (HR), presentations (MR), news articles (MR)110
The first case is the high-speed tram line, spanning 25 km, along with its maintenance depot connecting the Two cities. The AC was formed by a joint local authority of cities, Two construction firms and Three design firms 
2Tramway construction project2017–2021CompletedDevelopment phase report (HR), implementation plan (HR), presentations (MR), news articles (MR)174
Case 2 is an AC involving the construction of a maintenance depot for a high-speed tram line that spans 15 km in length. The city, along with two construction firms and two design firms, formed the AC 
3Hospital building project2018–2021CompletedPresentations (MR), news articles (MR), financial settlement memo (HR)125
Case 3 is a new building for a university hospital with a size of 56,000 gross square meters. The parties to the alliance contract were a well-being service county, a building contractor, an HVAC contractor, a building automation and fire safety system supplier and 5 design firms. Of the design firms, 3 were architectural firms, 1 was a structural design firm and 1 was an MEP design firm 
4Road construction project2017–2023CompletedFinal report (HR), presentations (MR), news articles (MR)73
Case 4 is the construction of the southern end of the ring road and the improvement of the access road to it. The project included the construction of 4.5 km of a 2 + 2 lane highway, 5.2 km of interchange ramps, 4 km of roads, 2.7 km of light traffic routes and several other infrastructure works. The project was part of a three-part project, the other two parts of which were carried out under contractual arrangements other than the AC, although the AC implemented the technical systems for the entire project area. In addition to the client, which was a national transportation agency, other parties to the AC were the construction firm and the design firm. Notably, for this case, the researchers could not find the final cost of the alliance contract in the archives, as it was included in the project portfolio with the remark “the alliance contract was below the target cost” 
5Road and tunnel construction project2012–2016CompletedValue for money report from development phase (HR), presentations (MR), news articles (MR)216
Case 5 is a 2.4 km-long road tunnel that is part of a ring road bypassing the city. The AC involved two clients, the city and the national transportation agency; the other participants were a construction firm and two design firms. One of the design firms was a structural design firm and the other was a rock engineering firm 
6Hospital building project2015–2021CompletedPresentations (MR), news articles (MR), budget (HR)175
Case 6 is the renovation and extension of the central hospital and its logistics terminal, which covers an area of 42,600 gross square meters. The parties to the AC are the well-being service county, the construction firm, the MEP construction firm and a multidisciplinary design firm 
7Hospital building project2017–2022CompletedPresentations (MR), news articles (MR)158
Case 7 is a new hospital building of 37,000 gross square meters. The alliance was formed by the hospital district, which was the client, and a construction firm, along with four design firms. Two of the design firms were architectural firms, one was a structural design firm and one was an MEP design firm 
8Hospital expansion building project2021–2023CompletedPresentations (MR), news articles (MR), website information (LR)24
Case 8 is an extension to a central hospital. The project involved the construction of 26,600 gross square meters of new buildings and the renovation of 3,800 gross square meters of the old hospital building. The parties of the AC were the client, which was the hospital district, the construction firm, the building services firm and 5 design firms. The design firms were an architectural firm, an MEP design firm, a geotechnical design firm, a structural design firm and a fire engineering design firm 
9District heat seasonal storage project2022–2023TerminatedPresentations (MR), news articles (MR)16
Case 9 is a seasonal storage facility for district heating located in rock tunnels. The AC was signed by the client, the construction firm and the design firm. This alliance was terminated during the development phase, and the project continued with the EPCM model. This ongoing project is still in progress 
10Railway renovation project2011–2015CompletedValue for money report from development phase (HR), presentations (MR), news articles (MR)70
Case 10 is an alliance of the transport agency, and a construction contractor carried out the basic rehabilitation and design of the line between 2011 and 2015. The project was implemented using an alliance model in which the contractor and the service provider carried out the project with a joint project organisation. The project was the first public works alliance project in Europe 
Note(s):

HR = Highly reliable source, MR = Moderately reliable source, LR = Limited-reliability source

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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