Theories and enablers
| Theory | References | Enablers | Level of influence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Institutional theory (IT) | Adom and Ackom (2024), Balzano et al. (2025), Yin et al. (2024) | E5 (Institutional and Policy Support), E1 (Finance Accessibility) and E2 (Market Connectivity) | Macro (policy and regulatory environment) |
| Resource-based view (RBV) | Agrawal et al. (2025), Yang et al. (2025), Weigel and Hiebl (2023) | E1 (Finance Accessibility), E3 (Infrastructure Support) and E4 (Skill Development and Training) | Firm-level (organizational capabilities) |
| Social capital theory (SCT) | Liu et al. (2024), Brogan and Dooley (2024), Thomas and Gupta (2021) | E6 (Social Capital and Community Engagement), E2 (Market Connectivity) and E1 (Finance Accessibility) | Community and network level |
| Diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory | Patnaik and Bakkar (2024), Uzumcu and Acilmis (2024), Xu et al. (2024) | E7 (Innovation and Adaptability), E4 (Skill Development and Training) and E2 (Market Connectivity) | Process and dynamic level |
| Sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) | Tabares et al. (2022), Fahad et al. (2023) | E1 (Finance Accessibility), E3 (Infrastructure Support), E4 (Skill Development and Training) and E6 (Social Capital and Community Engagement) | Outcome and sustainability level |
| Theory | References | Enablers | Level of influence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Institutional theory (IT) | Macro (policy and regulatory environment) | ||
| Resource-based view (RBV) | Firm-level (organizational capabilities) | ||
| Social capital theory (SCT) | Community and network level | ||
| Diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory | Process and dynamic level | ||
| Sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) | Outcome and sustainability level |
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