Table 1

Construct overview with dimensions, definitions, items, and sources

ConstructDimensionDefinitionNo. of itemsSource
GICGHCEmployees' environmental knowledge, skills, attitudes, and teamwork commitment5Chen (2008a) 
GSCInternal systems, structures, and R&D capabilities supporting green practices9Chen (2008a) 
GRCExternal collaborations with customers, suppliers, and partners for environmental innovation5Chen (2008a) 
GIGreen Product Innovation (GPI)Development of environmentally friendly products and eco-conscious features4Chen et al. (2006), Chen (2008b) 
Green Process Innovation (GPRI)Implementation of process improvements aimed at reducing environmental harm and resource use4Chen et al. (2006), Chen (2008b) 
OLC A firm's ability to acquire, share, and apply knowledge to promote green learning and innovation14Jerez-Gómez et al. (2005) 
FPEconomic Performance (ECP)Reduction in costs for energy, materials, waste treatment, and environmental compliance5Paulraj (2011) 
Environmental Performance (ENP)Reduction in emissions, energy usage, hazardous materials, and improved environmental compliance5Paulraj (2011) 
Social Performance (SCP)Improved community wellbeing, employee safety, and stakeholder engagement5Paulraj (2011) 
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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