Questionnaire of the study
| Dimension | Question/Statement |
|---|---|
| Green Human Capital (GHC) | GHC1: The contribution of environmental protection of employees in our firm is better than our major competitors |
| GHC2: Employee competence with respect to environmental protection in our firm is better than that of our major competitors | |
| GHC3: The product and/or service qualities of environmental protection provided by the employees of this firm are better than our major competitors | |
| GHC4: The amount of cooperative teamwork with respect to environmental protection in our firm is more than that of our major competitors | |
| GHC5: Our managers fully support our employees in achieving their goals with respect to environmental protection | |
| Green Structural Capital (GSC) | GSC1: The management system for environmental protection in our firm is superior to that of our major competitors |
| GSC2: Our firm is more innovative with respect to environmental protection than are our major competitors | |
| GSC3: The profit earned from environmental protection activities of our firm is greater than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC4: The ratio of investments in R&D expenditures to sales for environmental protection in our firm is more than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC5: The ratio of employees to the total employees in our firm who are engaged in environmental management is more than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC6: Investments in environmental protection facilities in our firm are more than those of our major competitors | |
| GSC7: Competence in developing green products in our firm is better than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC8: The overall operational processes for environmental protection in our firm work smoothly | |
| GSC9: The knowledge management system for environmental management in our firm is favorable for the accumulation of the knowledge of environmental management | |
| Green Relational Capital (GRC) | GRC1: Our firm designs products and/or services in compliance with the environmentalism desires of our customers |
| GRC2: Customer satisfaction with respect to environmental protection of our firm is better than that of our major competitors | |
| GRC3: The cooperative relationships concerning environmental protection of our firm with our upstream suppliers are stable | |
| GRC4: The cooperation relationships about environmental protection of our firm with our downstream clients or channels are stable | |
| GRC5: Our firm has well cooperative relationships concerning environmental protection with our strategic partners | |
| Green Product Innovation (GPI) | GPI1: The company chooses product materials that produce the least amount of pollution during product development or design |
| GPI2: The company chooses product materials that consume the least amount of energy and resources during product development or design | |
| GPI3: The company uses the fewest amount of materials necessary to comprise the product during product development or design | |
| GPI4: The company carefully considers whether the product is easy to recycle, reuse, and decompose during product development or design | |
| Green Process Innovation (GPRI) | GPRI1: The manufacturing process of the company effectively reduces the emission of hazardous substances or waste |
| GPRI2: The manufacturing process of the company recycles waste and emissions in a way that allows them to be treated and reused | |
| GPRI3: The manufacturing process of the company reduces the consumption of water, electricity, coal, or oil | |
| GPRI4: The manufacturing process of the company reduces the use of raw materials | |
| Organizational Learning Capabilities (OLC) | OLC1: The managers frequently involve their staff in important decision-making processes |
| OLC2: Employee learning is considered more of an expense than an investment | |
| OLC3: The firm's management looks favorably on carrying out changes in any area to adapt to and/or keep ahead of new environmental situations | |
| OLC4: Employee learning capability is considered a key factor in this firm | |
| OLC5: In this firm, innovative ideas that work are rewarded | |
| OLC6: All parts that make up this firm (departments, sections, work teams, and individuals) are aware of how they contribute to achieving overall objectives | |
| OLC7: This firm promotes experimentation and innovation as a way of improving work processes | |
| OLC8: This firm follows what other firms in the sector are doing, adopting practices it considers useful and interesting | |
| OLC9: Experiences and ideas from external sources (advisors, customers, training firms, etc.) are considered useful for this firm's learning | |
| OLC10: It is part of this firm's culture that employees can express opinions and make suggestions about task-related procedures and methods | |
| OLC11: Errors and failures are always discussed and analyzed in this firm at all levels | |
| OLC12: Employees have the chance to talk among themselves about new ideas, programs, and activities beneficial to the firm | |
| OLC13: In this firm, teamwork is not the usual way to work. (reverse-coded) | |
| OLC14: The firm has instruments (manuals, databases, routines, etc.) that allow learning from past situations to remain valid even when employees change | |
| Economic Performance (ECP) | ECP1: Decrease in cost of materials purchased |
| ECP2: Decrease in cost of energy consumption | |
| ECP3: Decrease in fee for waste discharge | |
| ECP4: Improvement in return on investment | |
| ECP5: Improvement in earnings per share | |
| Environmental Performance (ENP) | ENP1: Reduction in air emission |
| ENP2: Reduction in waste (water and/or solid) | |
| ENP3: Decrease in consumption of hazardous/harmful/toxic materials | |
| ENP4: Decrease in frequency of environmental accidents | |
| ENP5: Increase in energy saved due to conservation and efficiency improvements | |
| Social Performance (SCP) | SCP1: Improvement in overall stakeholder welfare or betterment |
| SCP2: Improvement in community health and safety | |
| SCP3: Reduction in environmental impacts and risks to general public | |
| SCP4: Improvement in occupational health and safety of employees | |
| SCP5: Improved awareness and protection of the claims and rights of people in community served |
| Dimension | Question/Statement |
|---|---|
| Green Human Capital (GHC) | GHC1: The contribution of environmental protection of employees in our firm is better than our major competitors |
| GHC2: Employee competence with respect to environmental protection in our firm is better than that of our major competitors | |
| GHC3: The product and/or service qualities of environmental protection provided by the employees of this firm are better than our major competitors | |
| GHC4: The amount of cooperative teamwork with respect to environmental protection in our firm is more than that of our major competitors | |
| GHC5: Our managers fully support our employees in achieving their goals with respect to environmental protection | |
| Green Structural Capital (GSC) | GSC1: The management system for environmental protection in our firm is superior to that of our major competitors |
| GSC2: Our firm is more innovative with respect to environmental protection than are our major competitors | |
| GSC3: The profit earned from environmental protection activities of our firm is greater than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC4: The ratio of investments in R&D expenditures to sales for environmental protection in our firm is more than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC5: The ratio of employees to the total employees in our firm who are engaged in environmental management is more than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC6: Investments in environmental protection facilities in our firm are more than those of our major competitors | |
| GSC7: Competence in developing green products in our firm is better than that of our major competitors | |
| GSC8: The overall operational processes for environmental protection in our firm work smoothly | |
| GSC9: The knowledge management system for environmental management in our firm is favorable for the accumulation of the knowledge of environmental management | |
| Green Relational Capital (GRC) | GRC1: Our firm designs products and/or services in compliance with the environmentalism desires of our customers |
| GRC2: Customer satisfaction with respect to environmental protection of our firm is better than that of our major competitors | |
| GRC3: The cooperative relationships concerning environmental protection of our firm with our upstream suppliers are stable | |
| GRC4: The cooperation relationships about environmental protection of our firm with our downstream clients or channels are stable | |
| GRC5: Our firm has well cooperative relationships concerning environmental protection with our strategic partners | |
| Green Product Innovation (GPI) | GPI1: The company chooses product materials that produce the least amount of pollution during product development or design |
| GPI2: The company chooses product materials that consume the least amount of energy and resources during product development or design | |
| GPI3: The company uses the fewest amount of materials necessary to comprise the product during product development or design | |
| GPI4: The company carefully considers whether the product is easy to recycle, reuse, and decompose during product development or design | |
| Green Process Innovation (GPRI) | GPRI1: The manufacturing process of the company effectively reduces the emission of hazardous substances or waste |
| GPRI2: The manufacturing process of the company recycles waste and emissions in a way that allows them to be treated and reused | |
| GPRI3: The manufacturing process of the company reduces the consumption of water, electricity, coal, or oil | |
| GPRI4: The manufacturing process of the company reduces the use of raw materials | |
| Organizational Learning Capabilities (OLC) | OLC1: The managers frequently involve their staff in important decision-making processes |
| OLC2: Employee learning is considered more of an expense than an investment | |
| OLC3: The firm's management looks favorably on carrying out changes in any area to adapt to and/or keep ahead of new environmental situations | |
| OLC4: Employee learning capability is considered a key factor in this firm | |
| OLC5: In this firm, innovative ideas that work are rewarded | |
| OLC6: All parts that make up this firm (departments, sections, work teams, and individuals) are aware of how they contribute to achieving overall objectives | |
| OLC7: This firm promotes experimentation and innovation as a way of improving work processes | |
| OLC8: This firm follows what other firms in the sector are doing, adopting practices it considers useful and interesting | |
| OLC9: Experiences and ideas from external sources (advisors, customers, training firms, etc.) are considered useful for this firm's learning | |
| OLC10: It is part of this firm's culture that employees can express opinions and make suggestions about task-related procedures and methods | |
| OLC11: Errors and failures are always discussed and analyzed in this firm at all levels | |
| OLC12: Employees have the chance to talk among themselves about new ideas, programs, and activities beneficial to the firm | |
| OLC13: In this firm, teamwork is not the usual way to work. (reverse-coded) | |
| OLC14: The firm has instruments (manuals, databases, routines, etc.) that allow learning from past situations to remain valid even when employees change | |
| Economic Performance (ECP) | ECP1: Decrease in cost of materials purchased |
| ECP2: Decrease in cost of energy consumption | |
| ECP3: Decrease in fee for waste discharge | |
| ECP4: Improvement in return on investment | |
| ECP5: Improvement in earnings per share | |
| Environmental Performance (ENP) | ENP1: Reduction in air emission |
| ENP2: Reduction in waste (water and/or solid) | |
| ENP3: Decrease in consumption of hazardous/harmful/toxic materials | |
| ENP4: Decrease in frequency of environmental accidents | |
| ENP5: Increase in energy saved due to conservation and efficiency improvements | |
| Social Performance (SCP) | SCP1: Improvement in overall stakeholder welfare or betterment |
| SCP2: Improvement in community health and safety | |
| SCP3: Reduction in environmental impacts and risks to general public | |
| SCP4: Improvement in occupational health and safety of employees | |
| SCP5: Improved awareness and protection of the claims and rights of people in community served |
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