Table 2. Descriptive statistics and... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and correlations

Variables	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)
(1) Environmental performance	52.308	32.080	8.320	97.490	1.000
(2) Social performance	40.863	23.031	0.050	98.630	0.632*	1.000
(3) Governance performance	49.082	22.602	0.250	99.350	0.382*	0.414*	1.000
(4) Formal institution	0.065	0.855	−2.997	1.788	0.036*	0.003	0.003	1.000
(5) Informal institution	0.084	0.724	−2.204	6.033	0.056*	0.050*	0.007	0.651*	1.000
(6) Financial market institution	0.023	0.729	−3.246	1.513	−0.111*	−0.062*	−0.004	0.515*	0.165*	1.000
(7) GDP growth	2.059	2.590	−9.773	26.276	−0.132*	−0.114*	−0.017*	−0.224*	−0.220*	0.049*	1.000
(8) Population (log)	18.223	1.391	13.035	21.034	−0.083*	−0.015*	−0.010	−0.450*	−0.422*	−0.259*	0.066*	1.000
(9) Unemployment rate	6.69	3.679	0.160	27.470	0.061*	0.162*	0.031*	−0.259*	−0.120*	−0.077*	−0.211*	−0.015*	1.000
(10) FDI net inflow (log)	24.677	1.519	17.348	27.322	−0.177*	0.032*	−0.018*	0.121*	0.057*	0.102*	0.102*	0.492*	−0.106*	1.000
(11) Size of land (log)	13.918	2.356	6.535	16.611	−0.157*	0.014*	0.013*	−0.247*	−0.137*	−0.035*	−0.012	0.688*	0.134*	0.445*	1.000
(12) Labor market efficiency	5.797	3.349	1.107	25.243	−0.025*	−0.104*	−0.033*	0.397*	0.237*	0.271*	0.062*	−0.097*	−0.197*	0.096*	−0.073*	1.000
(13) Return on assets	4.824	12.360	−521.595	647.684	0.004	0.022*	0.007	0.008	−0.011	0.018*	0.070*	0.006	0.014*	0.028*	−0.032*	0.037*	1.000
(14) Total asset	46.303	198.356	0.004	3765.035	0.173*	0.190*	0.161*	−0.006	0.006	−0.054*	−0.004	0.019*	0.005	0.018*	−0.015*	0.006	−0.058*	1.000
(15) Debt ratio	24.949	18.834	0.000	345.957	0.021*	0.042*	−0.012	−0.060*	−0.050*	−0.052*	−0.024*	0.048*	0.010	0.033*	0.036*	−0.020*	−0.167*	−0.018*	1.000
(16) Foreign sales to total sales	35.882	97.172	−161.15	14466.010	0.082*	0.054*	0.025*	0.080*	0.073*	0.011	−0.024*	−0.095*	−0.004	−0.025*	−0.071*	0.022*	−0.004	−0.013*	−0.039*

Variables	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)
(1) Environmental performance	52.308	32.080	8.320	97.490	1.000
(2) Social performance	40.863	23.031	0.050	98.630	0.632*	1.000
(3) Governance performance	49.082	22.602	0.250	99.350	0.382*	0.414*	1.000
(4) Formal institution	0.065	0.855	−2.997	1.788	0.036*	0.003	0.003	1.000
(5) Informal institution	0.084	0.724	−2.204	6.033	0.056*	0.050*	0.007	0.651*	1.000
(6) Financial market institution	0.023	0.729	−3.246	1.513	−0.111*	−0.062*	−0.004	0.515*	0.165*	1.000
(7) GDP growth	2.059	2.590	−9.773	26.276	−0.132*	−0.114*	−0.017*	−0.224*	−0.220*	0.049*	1.000
(8) Population (log)	18.223	1.391	13.035	21.034	−0.083*	−0.015*	−0.010	−0.450*	−0.422*	−0.259*	0.066*	1.000
(9) Unemployment rate	6.69	3.679	0.160	27.470	0.061*	0.162*	0.031*	−0.259*	−0.120*	−0.077*	−0.211*	−0.015*	1.000
(10) FDI net inflow (log)	24.677	1.519	17.348	27.322	−0.177*	0.032*	−0.018*	0.121*	0.057*	0.102*	0.102*	0.492*	−0.106*	1.000
(11) Size of land (log)	13.918	2.356	6.535	16.611	−0.157*	0.014*	0.013*	−0.247*	−0.137*	−0.035*	−0.012	0.688*	0.134*	0.445*	1.000
(12) Labor market efficiency	5.797	3.349	1.107	25.243	−0.025*	−0.104*	−0.033*	0.397*	0.237*	0.271*	0.062*	−0.097*	−0.197*	0.096*	−0.073*	1.000
(13) Return on assets	4.824	12.360	−521.595	647.684	0.004	0.022*	0.007	0.008	−0.011	0.018*	0.070*	0.006	0.014*	0.028*	−0.032*	0.037*	1.000
(14) Total asset	46.303	198.356	0.004	3765.035	0.173*	0.190*	0.161*	−0.006	0.006	−0.054*	−0.004	0.019*	0.005	0.018*	−0.015*	0.006	−0.058*	1.000
(15) Debt ratio	24.949	18.834	0.000	345.957	0.021*	0.042*	−0.012	−0.060*	−0.050*	−0.052*	−0.024*	0.048*	0.010	0.033*	0.036*	−0.020*	−0.167*	−0.018*	1.000
(16) Foreign sales to total sales	35.882	97.172	−161.15	14466.010	0.082*	0.054*	0.025*	0.080*	0.073*	0.011	−0.024*	−0.095*	−0.004	−0.025*	−0.071*	0.022*	−0.004	−0.013*	−0.039*

Note(s):

N = 25,233; *shows significant level at 0.05

Source(s): Authors’ own work