List of MENA countries included in the sample
| 1 | Syria |
| 2 | Yemen |
| 3 | Algeria |
| 4 | Djibouti |
| 5 | Egypt |
| 6 | Morocco |
| 7 | Tunisia |
| 8 | Iran |
| 9 | Lebanon |
| 10 | Libya |
| 11 | Iraq |
| 12 | Jordan |
| 13 | Sudan |
| 1 | Syria |
| 2 | Yemen |
| 3 | Algeria |
| 4 | Djibouti |
| 5 | Egypt |
| 6 | Morocco |
| 7 | Tunisia |
| 8 | Iran |
| 9 | Lebanon |
| 10 | Libya |
| 11 | Iraq |
| 12 | Jordan |
| 13 | Sudan |
Definitions of economic variables
| Variable name | Definition | Data source | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty | Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population). Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) of poverty line, due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, as a percentage of $1.90 poverty line | WDI | Pov |
| Stability in Politics | Estimates of political stability and the absence of terrorism or violence range from roughly −2.5 to 2.5 | WDI | PS |
| Population Growth | The annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship | WDI | PG |
| Inflation Rate | Inflation, measured by the consumer price index, reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services, which may be fixed or modified at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used | WDI | IR |
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by mid-year population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deducting the depreciation of manufactured assets or the depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 U.S. dollars | WDI | GDP (log) |
| Trade Openness | Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services, measured as a percentage of gross domestic product | TO | |
| Education | Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education beginning at the primary level and aims to lay the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering more subject—or skill-oriented learning delivered by more specialized teachers | EDU | |
| Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults) | Automated teller machines (ATMs) are computerized telecommunications devices that enable financial institution clients to carry out financial transactions in a public place | WDI | ATD |
| Bank accounts per 1,000 adults | Commercial bank depositors are the reported number of deposit account holders at commercial banks and other resident banks functioning as commercial banks that are resident non-financial corporations (public and private) and households. For many countries, the data cover the total number of deposit accounts due to the lack of information on account holders. The major types of deposits are checking accounts, savings accounts, and term deposits | WDI | AAT |
| Variable name | Definition | Data source | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty | Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population). Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) of poverty line, due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, as a percentage of $1.90 poverty line | WDI | |
| Stability in Politics | Estimates of political stability and the absence of terrorism or violence range from roughly −2.5 to 2.5 | WDI | |
| Population Growth | The annual population growth rate for year | WDI | |
| Inflation Rate | Inflation, measured by the consumer price index, reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services, which may be fixed or modified at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used | WDI | |
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by mid-year population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deducting the depreciation of manufactured assets or the depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 U.S. dollars | WDI | |
| Trade Openness | Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services, measured as a percentage of gross domestic product | ||
| Education | Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education beginning at the primary level and aims to lay the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering more subject—or skill-oriented learning delivered by more specialized teachers | ||
| Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults) | Automated teller machines (ATMs) are computerized telecommunications devices that enable financial institution clients to carry out financial transactions in a public place | WDI | |
| Bank accounts per 1,000 adults | Commercial bank depositors are the reported number of deposit account holders at commercial banks and other resident banks functioning as commercial banks that are resident non-financial corporations (public and private) and households. For many countries, the data cover the total number of deposit accounts due to the lack of information on account holders. The major types of deposits are checking accounts, savings accounts, and term deposits | WDI |
Note(s): World Development Indicators