Table 5

Factor structure for ethical behaviour

Outer loadingsVIFαCRAVE
NEBStaff use entity property for official use only0.7661.9520.8380.8790.509
Leaders always maintain ethical standards0.7301.716   
Staff always influence each other to conduct themselves in an ethical manner0.7241.657   
Staff always conform to the organisational values0.7231.655   
Staff always refrain from giving favours in exchange for preferential treatment0.7141.651   
Employees normally complete activities within the allocated timeframe0.7071.794   
Staff use entity services in the best way possible0.6241.340   
JEBEmployees normally abstain from undue influence0.7791.9650.8290.8750.540
Staff normally disclose conflicts of interest0.7431.792   
Staff rarely accept gifts that are offered for preferential treatment0.731.632   
Employees always give an honest report about their performance0.7231.641   
Employees always take the allotted personal time for health breaks0.7151.535   
Staff demonstrate ethical conduct towards each other0.7151.555   

Note(s): HTMT Ratio: NEB <-> JEB = 0.771

CR = Composite Reliability; NEB = Normative Ethical Behaviour; JEB = Juridical Ethical Behaviour

Source(s): Authors’ compilation from the collected data

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