Robustness tests with alternative model specifications
| Hypo . | R/ship . | Model 1 = gender (β) . | Model 2 = age (β) . | Model 3 = No control (β) . | Decision . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1a | IPO → CL | 0.239*** | 0.239*** | 0.239*** | Supported |
| H1b | IPO → IMC | 0.418*** | 0.418*** | 0.418*** | Supported |
| H2a | CL → AT | −0.217*** | −0.207*** | −0.215*** | Supported |
| H2b | IMC → AT | 0.439*** | 0.453*** | 0.438*** | Not supported |
| Gender → AT | 0.045(n/s) | – | – | – | |
| Age → AT | – | 0.358*** | – | – |
| Hypo . | R/ship . | Model 1 = gender (β) . | Model 2 = age (β) . | Model 3 = No control (β) . | Decision . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1a | IPO → CL | 0.239*** | 0.239*** | 0.239*** | Supported |
| H1b | IPO → IMC | 0.418*** | 0.418*** | 0.418*** | Supported |
| H2a | CL → AT | −0.217*** | −0.207*** | −0.215*** | Supported |
| H2b | IMC → AT | 0.439*** | 0.453*** | 0.438*** | Not supported |
| Gender → AT | 0.045(n/s) | – | – | – | |
| Age → AT | – | 0.358*** | – | – |
Note(s): Hypo = Hypothesis, R/ship = relationship, Model 1 = gender control; Model 2 = age control; Model 3 = without controls; ***p < 0.001; n/s = Not significant