Table 3 Objectives by NLP methods...

Table 3

Objectives by NLP methods applied within the methodological framework “cascade method”, to understand the main differences between them

Method	Objective
BoW	To identify topics with simple frequencies
TF-IDF	To place greater weight on rare words
SBERT	To derive semantically meaningful sentence embedding
Ensemble	To improve model accuracy, robustness, and generalizability by combining the weights of three methods

Method	Objective
BoW	To identify topics with simple frequencies
TF-IDF	To place greater weight on rare words
SBERT	To derive semantically meaningful sentence embedding
Ensemble	To improve model accuracy, robustness, and generalizability by combining the weights of three methods