Table 1 Process parameters available in...

Table 1

Process parameters available in the literature for the UF316L filament

	(Caminero et al., 2021)	(Gong et al., 2018, 2019)	(Damon et al., 2019)	(Liu et al., 2020)	(Jimbo and Tateno, 2019)	(Tosto et al., 2021)	(Jiang and Ning, 2021, 2022a)	(Carminati et al., 2022; Quarto et al., 2021)	(Rosnitschek et al., 2021)	(Moritzer et al., 2021)	(Ait-Mansour et al., 2020)	(Obadimu et al., 2022; Obadimu and Kourousis, 2022a)
Parameter/source	Ultimaker 3	Flashforge Dreamer	Apium P155	CoLiDo metal 3D printer	Axiom Dual, Airwolf	Zortrax M200	Lulzbot Taz6	Ultimaker S5	German RepRap X500	Prusa i3 Mk3s	Funmat HT	Prusa i3MK3
Metal composition [%]	80 (wt)	>88 (wt)	>80 (wt)	88 (wt)	/	/	88 (wt)	90 (wt)	90 (wt)	/	80 (vol)	90 (wt)
Nozzle diameter [mm]	0.6	0.4	0.4	/	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.25, 0.4	0.4	0.4
Layer height [mm]	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.22	0.14	0.2	0.1, 0.4	0.2	0.125, 0.2	0.2	0.15, 0.20, 0.25
Line width [mm or % related to nozzle diameter]	0.56	/	0.48	/	/	/	/	/	0.5	87.5, 120, 152.5%	0.4	0.4
Infill [%]	100	/	100	100	/	100	100	100	25, 50, 75, 100	100	25, 50, 75, 100, 125	100
Infill type		/	Lines	Lines	/	/	Lines	Lines/ concentric	Hexagonal	Lines	Lines	Lines
Print temp. [°C]	230	235	210	230	240	240	240	170, 240	240	230	235	235
Bed temp. [°C]	100	/	120	/	/	90	100	100	90, 120, 140	120	90	90
Print speed [mm/s]	15	60	33	/	35	/	30	20,50	25	20,25, 34	30	30, 35, 40
Debinding	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic	Catalytic+ thermal	Catalytic + thermal	Thermal	Catalytic	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic + thermal	/	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic + thermal
Sintering	Pure H atm.	Pure H atm. or vacuum	Pure H atm.	Argon atm.	Vacuum	H atm.	Pure H atm	Argon atm	Pure H atm	/	Argon atm	Pure H atm
Porosity (as-sintered) [%]	1.9–2.1	1.5	0.5–1.7	7.7	/	9.8	4.4	5	11.4 (for 100% infill)	/	4.6 (for 100% infill)	/

	(Caminero et al., 2021)	(Gong et al., 2018, 2019)	(Damon et al., 2019)	(Liu et al., 2020)	(Jimbo and Tateno, 2019)	(Tosto et al., 2021)	(Jiang and Ning, 2021, 2022a)	(Carminati et al., 2022; Quarto et al., 2021)	(Rosnitschek et al., 2021)	(Moritzer et al., 2021)	(Ait-Mansour et al., 2020)	(Obadimu et al., 2022; Obadimu and Kourousis, 2022a)
Parameter/source	Ultimaker 3	Flashforge Dreamer	Apium P155	CoLiDo metal 3D printer	Axiom Dual, Airwolf	Zortrax M200	LulzbotTaz6	Ultimaker S5	German RepRap X500	Prusa i3 Mk3s	Funmat HT	Prusa i3MK3
Metal composition [%]	80 (wt)	>88 (wt)	>80 (wt)	88 (wt)	/	/	88 (wt)	90 (wt)	90 (wt)	/	80 (vol)	90 (wt)
Nozzle diameter [mm]	0.6	0.4	0.4	/	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.25, 0.4	0.4	0.4
Layer height [mm]	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.22	0.14	0.2	0.1, 0.4	0.2	0.125, 0.2	0.2	0.15, 0.20, 0.25
Line width [mm or % related to nozzle diameter]	0.56	/	0.48	/	/	/	/	/	0.5	87.5, 120, 152.5%	0.4	0.4
Infill [%]	100	/	100	100	/	100	100	100	25, 50, 75, 100	100	25, 50, 75, 100, 125	100
Infill type		/	Lines	Lines	/	/	Lines	Lines/ concentric	Hexagonal	Lines	Lines	Lines
Print temp. [°C]	230	235	210	230	240	240	240	170, 240	240	230	235	235
Bed temp. [°C]	100	/	120	/	/	90	100	100	90, 120, 140	120	90	90
Print speed [mm/s]	15	60	33	/	35	/	30	20,50	25	20,25, 34	30	30, 35, 40
Debinding	Catalytic+ thermal	Catalytic	Catalytic+ thermal	Catalytic + thermal	Thermal	Catalytic	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic + thermal	/	Catalytic + thermal	Catalytic + thermal
Sintering	Pure H atm.	Pure H atm. or vacuum	Pure H atm.	Argon atm.	Vacuum	H atm.	Pure H atm	Argon atm	Pure H atm	/	Argon atm	Pure H atm
Porosity (as-sintered) [%]	1.9–2.1	1.5	0.5–1.7	7.7	/	9.8	4.4	5	11.4 (for 100% infill)	/	4.6 (for 100% infill)	/

Notes:

Underlined parameters are those considered optimal by the study’s authors. When details are unavailable in the cited study, the “/” symbol is used

Source: Table created by the authors with data from the cited works

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