Table 7 ARs technical classification...

Table 7

ARs technical classification through their AM technology

No.	ARs	AM process	3D printer equipment	Dimension L × W × H (m³)	Weight (kg)	Reference
(a)	Hope 3D	FFF	Robo 3D r1+	0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 (un) 1 × 1 × 2 (as)	100–150 (as)	Suchin (2019, 2018)
(b)	MARS	FFF	Desktop FFF	0.4 × 0.4 × 0.6 (un) 1.8 × 1.7 × 1.7 (as)	40 (un) 2,000 (as)	Reef Design Lab (2019)
(c)	Living Seawalls	FFF	Makerbot	0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 (un)	23–30	Reef Design Lab (2018)
(d)	Wave Break	FFF	BigRep One	2 × 2 × 1 (un)	300–400	Goad (2022)
(e)	Snapper Reef Unit	BJ	D-shape	1 × 1 × 1 (un)	500	Reef Arabia (2012)
(f)	Boskalis Reef	BJ	D-shape	2 × 2 × 1 (un)	2,500	Boskalis (2017)
(g)	Hanging Fish House	BJ	Zprinter 310 plus	0.1 × 0.1 × 0.5 (un)	3 (un) 9 (as)	Schofield (2020a)
(h)	3D ReefVival	BJ	D-shape	0.5 × 0.5 × 1.2 (un)	1,000	Kardinaal et al. (2020)
(i)	X-Reef	PDM	ABB	1.1 × 0.9 × 1.1 (un)	900	XtreeE (2017)
(j)	Biomimetic Reef	PDM	ABB	0.9 × 1.6 × 1.3 (un)	550	XtreeE (2019)
(k)	X-Coral	PDM	LDM-Wasp 3L Clay Tank	1 × 1 × 3 (as)	20 (un)	Berman et al. (2023)
(l)	3DPARE	PDM	Wasp 3MT	1 × 1 × 1 (un)	1,000	Yoris-Nobile et al. (2023)
(m)	Recif’Lab L1	PDM	ABB	0.9 × 0. 9 mx 1 (un)	1,000	Seaboost Ecological Engineering (2021)
(n)	3D Printed Reef Tiles	PDM	ABB 6700	0.6 × 0.6 × 0.4 (un)	10	Lange et al. (2020)
(o)	InnovaReef	PDM	Wasp	1.5 × 1 × 0.7 (un)	700	Chulalongkorn (2020)
(p)	Recif’Lab L2	PDM	ABB CyBe RC	6 × 8 × 6.5	105000	Seaboost Ecological Engineering (2022)

No.	ARs	AM process	3D printer equipment	DimensionL × W × H (m³)	Weight (kg)	Reference
(a)	Hope 3D	FFF	Robo 3D r1+	0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 (un)1 × 1 × 2 (as)	100–150 (as)	Suchin (2019, 2018)
(b)	MARS	FFF	Desktop FFF	0.4 × 0.4 × 0.6 (un)1.8 × 1.7 × 1.7 (as)	40 (un)2,000 (as)	Reef Design Lab (2019)
(c)	Living Seawalls	FFF	Makerbot	0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 (un)	23–30	Reef Design Lab (2018)
(d)	Wave Break	FFF	BigRep One	2 × 2 × 1 (un)	300–400	Goad (2022)
(e)	Snapper Reef Unit	BJ	D-shape	1 × 1 × 1 (un)	500	Reef Arabia (2012)
(f)	Boskalis Reef	BJ	D-shape	2 × 2 × 1 (un)	2,500	Boskalis (2017)
(g)	Hanging Fish House	BJ	Zprinter 310 plus	0.1 × 0.1 × 0.5 (un)	3 (un)9 (as)	Schofield (2020a)
(h)	3D ReefVival	BJ	D-shape	0.5 × 0.5 × 1.2 (un)	1,000	Kardinaal et al. (2020)
(i)	X-Reef	PDM	ABB	1.1 × 0.9 × 1.1 (un)	900	XtreeE (2017)
(j)	Biomimetic Reef	PDM	ABB	0.9 × 1.6 × 1.3 (un)	550	XtreeE (2019)
(k)	X-Coral	PDM	LDM-Wasp 3L Clay Tank	1 × 1 × 3 (as)	20 (un)	Berman et al. (2023)
(l)	3DPARE	PDM	Wasp 3MT	1 × 1 × 1 (un)	1,000	Yoris-Nobile et al. (2023)
(m)	Recif’Lab L1	PDM	ABB	0.9 × 0. 9 mx 1 (un)	1,000	Seaboost Ecological Engineering (2021)
(n)	3D Printed Reef Tiles	PDM	ABB 6700	0.6 × 0.6 × 0.4 (un)	10	Lange et al. (2020)
(o)	InnovaReef	PDM	Wasp	1.5 × 1 × 0.7 (un)	700	Chulalongkorn (2020)
(p)	Recif’Lab L2	PDM	ABB CyBe RC	6 × 8 × 6.5	105000	Seaboost Ecological Engineering (2022)

Notes:

fused filament fabrication (FFF), binder jetting (BJ) or material extrusion process through paste deposition modelling (PDM); 3D printer equipment; dimension and weight considered for a single unit (un) and/or the assembly reef (as)

Source: Table by authors

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