Table 2 Comparison of performance...

Table 2

Comparison of performance metrics between proposed and benchmark methods on the COD10K dataset. Only models with more than 50G Multiply-Accumulate Operations (MACs) were considered. The top-performing method for each metric on each dataset is highlighted in bold, while the second-best method is underscored.

Model	Pub/Year	Input	s_a ↑	$F_{β}^{w} ↑$	M↑	$E_{ϕ}^{m n} ↑$	Para.	MACs
D2CNet [34]	TIE’21	320²	0.807	0.680	0.037	0.876	-	-
R-MGL [39]	CVPR’21	473²	0.814	0.666	0.035	0.852	67.64M	249.89G
S-MGL [39]	CVPR’21	473²	0.811	0.655	0.037	0.845	63.60M	236.60G
UGTR [36]	ICCV’21	473²	0.818	0.667	0.035	0.853	48.87M	127.12G
BAS [30]	arXiv’21	288²	0.802	0.677	0.038	0.855	87.06M	161.19G
NCHIT [40]	CVIU’22	288²	0.792	0.591	0.046	0.819	-	-
CubeNet [52]	PR’22	352²	0.795	0.643	0.041	0.865	-	-
OCENet [23]	WACV’22	480²	0.827	0.707	0.033	0.894	60.31M	59.70G
BGNet [33]	IJCAF22	416²	0.831	0.722	0.033	0.901	79.85M	58.45G
PreyNet [43]	MM’22	448²	0.813	0.697	0.034	0.881	38.53M	58.10G
ZoomNet [29]	CVPR’22	384²	0.838	0.729	0.029	0.919	32.38M	95.50G
FDNet [45]	CVPR’22	416²	0.840	0.729	0.030	0.919	-	-
CamoFormer-C [38]	arXiv’23	384²	0.860	0.770	0.024	0.926	96.69M	50.77G
CamoFormer-R [38]	arXiv’23	384²	0.838	0.724	0.029	0.916	54.25M	78.85G
PopNet [35]	arXiv’23	512²	0.851	0.757	0.028	0.910	188.05M	154.88G
PFNet+ [27]	SCIS’23	480²	0.806	0.677	0.037	0.884	-	-
GreenCOD-D3-1000	-	672²	0.797	0.701	0.033	0.881	16.83M	13.70G
GreenCOD-D3-10000	-	672²	0.807	0.715	0.032	0.893	17.62M	15.06G
GreenCOD-D6-1000	-	672²	0.804	0.709	0.032	0.891	17.50M	13.78G
GreenCOD-D6-10000	-	672²	0.813	0.724	0.031	0.895	24.34M	16.22G

Model	Pub/Year	Input	s_a ↑	$F_{β}^{w} ↑$	M↑	$E_{ϕ}^{m n} ↑$	Para.	MACs
D2CNet [34]	TIE’21	320²	0.807	0.680	0.037	0.876	-	-
R-MGL [39]	CVPR’21	473²	0.814	0.666	0.035	0.852	67.64M	249.89G
S-MGL [39]	CVPR’21	473²	0.811	0.655	0.037	0.845	63.60M	236.60G
UGTR [36]	ICCV’21	473²	0.818	0.667	0.035	0.853	48.87M	127.12G
BAS [30]	arXiv’21	288²	0.802	0.677	0.038	0.855	87.06M	161.19G
NCHIT [40]	CVIU’22	288²	0.792	0.591	0.046	0.819	-	-
CubeNet [52]	PR’22	352²	0.795	0.643	0.041	0.865	-	-
OCENet [23]	WACV’22	480²	0.827	0.707	0.033	0.894	60.31M	59.70G
BGNet [33]	IJCAF22	416²	0.831	0.722	0.033	0.901	79.85M	58.45G
PreyNet [43]	MM’22	448²	0.813	0.697	0.034	0.881	38.53M	58.10G
ZoomNet [29]	CVPR’22	384²	0.838	0.729	0.029	0.919	32.38M	95.50G
FDNet [45]	CVPR’22	416²	0.840	0.729	0.030	0.919	-	-
CamoFormer-C [38]	arXiv’23	384²	0.860	0.770	0.024	0.926	96.69M	50.77G
CamoFormer-R [38]	arXiv’23	384²	0.838	0.724	0.029	0.916	54.25M	78.85G
PopNet [35]	arXiv’23	512²	0.851	0.757	0.028	0.910	188.05M	154.88G
PFNet+ [27]	SCIS’23	480²	0.806	0.677	0.037	0.884	-	-
GreenCOD-D3-1000	-	672²	0.797	0.701	0.033	0.881	16.83M	13.70G
GreenCOD-D3-10000	-	672²	0.807	0.715	0.032	0.893	17.62M	15.06G
GreenCOD-D6-1000	-	672²	0.804	0.709	0.032	0.891	17.50M	13.78G
GreenCOD-D6-10000	-	672²	0.813	0.724	0.031	0.895	24.34M	16.22G

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