Table 6

Qualitative illustration using STORL. Teacher* represents the output of teacher model given clean input. Red colored texts indicate either unpredicted or mispredicted user dialogue acts.

Goal ID: 304
User:I would just like to find a train first, and get the info. I need to leave after 14:15. I would like to leave on Friday. I would like to depart from Cambridge.
User DA:[[‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘none’, ‘none’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Leave’, ‘14:15’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Day’, ‘Friday’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Departure’, ‘Cambridge’]]
BERT Predicted DA:[[‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Leave’, ‘14:15’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Day’, ‘Friday’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Departure’, ‘Cambridge’]]
System (Teacher*):What is your destination?
System (Teacher):There is a train leaving at 15:00 would you like me to book this? What station would you like to arrive at?
System (STORL):What is your destination?
Goal ID: 357
User:I would just like to find a train first, and get the info. I’m looking to travel on Thursday. Can you tell me when that train will be arriving in Norwich? I also need a train departing from Cambridge.
User DA:[[‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘none’, ‘none’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Day’, ‘Thursday’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Destination’, ‘Norwich’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Departure’, ‘Cambridge’]]
BERT Predicted DA:[[‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Day’, ‘Thursday’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Destination’, ‘Norwich’], [‘Inform’, ‘Train’, ‘Departure’, ‘Cambridge’]]
System (Teacher*):What time do you need to arrive? Is there a certain time you are wanting to leave?
System (Teacher):‘ ‘ (Note: Policy was unable to generate any response.)
System (STORL):What time do you need to arrive? Is there a certain time you are wanting to leave?
Goal ID: 623
User:I need a hotel as well. I need one with Wifi. I’m looking for a place to stay in the centre. I would like it to have a 4 star rating
User DA:[[‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘none’, ‘none’], [‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Internet’, ‘yes’], [‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Area’, ‘centre’], [‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Stars’, ‘4’]]
BERT Predicted DA:[[‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Internet’, ‘yes’], [‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Type’, ‘hotel’], [‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Area’, ‘centre’], [‘Inform’, ‘Hotel’, ‘Stars’, ‘4’]]
System (Teacher*):There are 2 of those. How about Alexander bed and breakfast?
System (Teacher):I am sorry I have no listings for any with 4 stars. I’m sorry, there are no hotel that match your preferences.
System (STORL):There are 1 of those. They have a 4 Star rating. University arms hotel looks like it would be a good choice.

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