Table 4 Predictive diagnostics of...

Table 4

Predictive diagnostics of constructs

Constructs	VIF	F²	R²	Adjusted R²	Q²
DPC → DMT	1.544	0.213	0.560	0.559	0.508
DPC → OSE	1.000	0.411	0.291	0.421	0.291
DL → DMT	1.624	0.091
OSE → DMT	1711	0.094
DL & DPC → DMT	1.022	0.006

Note(s): 1. VIF values < 5 indicate no multicollinearity issues

2. F² values indicate effect sizes: 0.02 (small), 0.15 (medium), 0.35 (large)

3. R² values indicate proportion of variance explained, with higher values indicating better model fit

4. Q² values > 0 indicate predictive relevance of the model

Source(s): Field data using SmartPLS 4 (2025)

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