Importance and perception of different reasons for appreciation in the workplace
| Importance | Perception | Δ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | Mdiff | |
| Personal characteristics and qualities | |||||
| Professional competence | 5.90 | 1.24 | 5.45 | 1.49 | −0.45*** |
| Professional experience | 5.72 | 1.22 | 5.36 | 1.57 | −0.36*** |
| Sincerity | 5.80 | 1.28 | 5.42 | 1.52 | −0.38*** |
| Punctuality | 5.66 | 1.43 | 5.36 | 1.61 | −0.30*** |
| Reliability | 5.96 | 1.21 | 5.63 | 1.45 | −0.33*** |
| Personality | 5.63 | 1.32 | 5.32 | 1.56 | −0.31*** |
| Social competence | 5.56 | 1.41 | 5.25 | 1.59 | −0.32*** |
| Flexibility | 5.69 | 1.31 | 5.44 | 1.52 | −0.25** |
| Loyalty to co-workers | 5.87 | 1.24 | 5.44 | 1.51 | −0.43*** |
| Good mood | 5.54 | 1.53 | 5.33 | 1.60 | −0.21** |
| Friendly ear | 5.59 | 1.38 | 5.43 | 1.55 | −0.16 |
| Individual performance | 5.87 | 1.23 | 5.47 | 1.49 | −0.40*** |
| Work-related behaviours | |||||
| Taking over additional professional tasks | 5.65 | 1.38 | 5.20 | 1.71 | −0.44*** |
| Taking over additional non-professional tasks | 4.99 | 1.72 | 4.73 | 1.88 | −0.25** |
| Extraordinary commitment | 5.49 | 1.50 | 5.01 | 1.72 | −0.48*** |
| Daily work effort | 5.80 | 1.20 | 5.33 | 1.55 | −0.47*** |
| Willingness to take responsibility | 5.93 | 1.17 | 5.41 | 1.55 | −0.52*** |
| Solution-oriented working | 5.91 | 1.08 | 5.46 | 1.51 | −0.44*** |
| Feedback | 5.63 | 1.34 | 5.33 | 1.59 | −0.30*** |
| Team spirit | 5.75 | 1.30 | 5.37 | 1.54 | −0.38*** |
| Loyalty to organisation | 5.78 | 1.25 | 5.35 | 1.59 | −0.43*** |
| Contributions to organisational development | 5.72 | 1.22 | 5.31 | 1.63 | −0.41*** |
| Contributions to organisational success | 5.76 | 1.27 | 5.41 | 1.57 | −0.35*** |
| Willingness to learn from mistakes | 5.80 | 1.20 | 5.38 | 1.55 | −0.42*** |
| Importance | Perception | Δ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional competence | 5.90 | 1.24 | 5.45 | 1.49 | −0.45*** |
| Professional experience | 5.72 | 1.22 | 5.36 | 1.57 | −0.36*** |
| Sincerity | 5.80 | 1.28 | 5.42 | 1.52 | −0.38*** |
| Punctuality | 5.66 | 1.43 | 5.36 | 1.61 | −0.30*** |
| Reliability | 1.21 | 1.45 | −0.33*** | ||
| Personality | 5.63 | 1.32 | 5.32 | 1.56 | −0.31*** |
| Social competence | 5.56 | 1.41 | 5.25 | 1.59 | −0.32*** |
| Flexibility | 5.69 | 1.31 | 5.44 | 1.52 | −0.25** |
| Loyalty to co-workers | 5.87 | 1.24 | 5.44 | 1.51 | −0.43*** |
| Good mood | 5.54 | 1.53 | 5.33 | 1.60 | −0.21** |
| Friendly ear | 5.59 | 1.38 | 5.43 | 1.55 | −0.16 |
| Individual performance | 5.87 | 1.23 | 1.49 | −0.40*** | |
| Taking over additional professional tasks | 5.65 | 1.38 | 5.20 | 1.71 | −0.44*** |
| Taking over additional non-professional tasks | 4.99 | 1.72 | 4.73 | 1.88 | −0.25** |
| Extraordinary commitment | 5.49 | 1.50 | 5.01 | 1.72 | |
| Daily work effort | 5.80 | 1.20 | 5.33 | 1.55 | |
| Willingness to take responsibility | 1.17 | 5.41 | 1.55 | ||
| Solution-oriented working | 1.08 | 1.51 | −0.44*** | ||
| Feedback | 5.63 | 1.34 | 5.33 | 1.59 | −0.30*** |
| Team spirit | 5.75 | 1.30 | 5.37 | 1.54 | −0.38*** |
| Loyalty to organisation | 5.78 | 1.25 | 5.35 | 1.59 | −0.43*** |
| Contributions to organisational development | 5.72 | 1.22 | 5.31 | 1.63 | −0.41*** |
| Contributions to organisational success | 5.76 | 1.27 | 5.41 | 1.57 | −0.35*** |
| Willingness to learn from mistakes | 5.80 | 1.20 | 5.38 | 1.55 | −0.42*** |
Note(s): Italic indicates the three highest mean values for each measure. Negative values for Mdiff indicate perceived under-appreciation. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01