Table 4

The relationship between locus of control and volunteering by region (FE regression)

Volunteering participationVolunteering frequency
 NorthCentralSouthNorthCentralSouth
Locus of Control0.015*** (0.004)0.011*** (0.004)0.011*** (0.004)0.028 (0.026)0.019 (0.015)0.079*** (0.021)
Observations23,54142,50622,9393,8468,6403,468
Individuals12,36123,57713,2072,6145,8672,475
Overall R-squared0.0070.0060.01100.0230.0040.021

Note(s): Regional groupings are Northern Europe (Sweden, Denmark, and Estonia), Central Europe (Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Czech Republic and Slovenia) and Southern Europe (Spain, Italy and France). Control variables for all regressions include age, education dummies, marital status dummies, employment dummies, logarithm income, household size, number of chronic diseases, body weight, cognitive functions, ADL, IADL, wave, country and language dummies. Standard errors, clustered at the individual level, appear in parentheses

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 and *p < 0.1

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