Table 1 Primary studies used in the...

Table 1

Primary studies used in the analysis of willingness to pay for ecosystem conservation.

Primary study (year of publication)	Survey Year	Elicitation format^a	N_i	Adjusted WTP2010^b
Primary study (year of publication)	Survey Year	Elicitation format^a	N_i	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Adamowicz et al. (1998)	1995	DCCV; CE	2	175.970	54.065	137.740	214.200
Caparros et al. (2008)	2003	CE; CR	7	65.664	90.686	0.742	219.343
Czajkowski et al. (2009)	2007	CE	7	5.188	4.578	2.433	15.455
Farber and Griner (2000)	1996	CR	8	89.449	51.913	7.644	169.413
Garber-Yonts et al. (2004)	1999	DCCV: CE	15	133.241	121.169	44.501	480.349
Garrod and Willis (1997)^c	1995	CR	16	28.667	15.445	8.638	47.301
Hagen et al. (1992)	1992	DCCV	2	365.580	54.268	327.207	403.954
Hailu et al. (2000)	1995	DCCV; CE	4	141.809	105.636	65.241	291.004
Hanley et al. (2006)	2001	CE	8	24.262	17.200	9.129	50.237
Holmes et al. (2004)	2003	DCCV	6	21.183	27.521	1.292	63.710
Kramer et al. (2004)	1991	DCCV	2	37.351	11.683	29.090	45.612
Lehtonen et al. (2003)	2002	DCCV;CE	4	158.301	75.962	66.188	246.001
Loomis (1987)	1985	DCCV	2	156.246	108.505	79.521	232.970
Loomis (1996)	1995	DCCV	3	95.387	10.151	84.418	104.449
Loomis et al. (2000)	1998	DCCV	1	337.116	0	337.116	337.116
Macmillan et al. (2001)	1995	DCCV	6	29.074	8.949	20.128	44.449
Meyerhoff et al. (2009)	2004	CE	17	11.369	7.735	4.393	30.997
Mueller et al. (2013)	2011	DCCV	2	184.762	9.727	177.884	191.640
Ovaskainen and Kniivila (2005)	2000	DCCV	3	87.132	35.364	47.346	114.988
Siikamaki and Layton (2007)	1999	CR; DCCV	2	62.913	16.777	51.050	74.776
Weber and Stewart (2009)	2006	DCCV; CE	7	53.689	54.183	7.939	169.382
Wilson et al. (2010)	2006	CR; DCCV	3	71.986	72.644	16.509	154.212
All			127	70.868	87.845	0.742	480.349

Primary study (year of publication)	Survey Year	Elicitation format^a	N_i	Adjusted WTP2010^b
Primary study (year of publication)	Survey Year	Elicitation format^a	N_i	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Adamowicz et al. (1998)	1995	DCCV; CE	2	175.970	54.065	137.740	214.200
Caparros et al. (2008)	2003	CE; CR	7	65.664	90.686	0.742	219.343
Czajkowski et al. (2009)	2007	CE	7	5.188	4.578	2.433	15.455
Farber and Griner (2000)	1996	CR	8	89.449	51.913	7.644	169.413
Garber-Yonts et al. (2004)	1999	DCCV: CE	15	133.241	121.169	44.501	480.349
Garrod and Willis (1997)^c	1995	CR	16	28.667	15.445	8.638	47.301
Hagen et al. (1992)	1992	DCCV	2	365.580	54.268	327.207	403.954
Hailu et al. (2000)	1995	DCCV; CE	4	141.809	105.636	65.241	291.004
Hanley et al. (2006)	2001	CE	8	24.262	17.200	9.129	50.237
Holmes et al. (2004)	2003	DCCV	6	21.183	27.521	1.292	63.710
Kramer et al. (2004)	1991	DCCV	2	37.351	11.683	29.090	45.612
Lehtonen et al. (2003)	2002	DCCV;CE	4	158.301	75.962	66.188	246.001
Loomis (1987)	1985	DCCV	2	156.246	108.505	79.521	232.970
Loomis (1996)	1995	DCCV	3	95.387	10.151	84.418	104.449
Loomis et al. (2000)	1998	DCCV	1	337.116	0	337.116	337.116
Macmillan et al. (2001)	1995	DCCV	6	29.074	8.949	20.128	44.449
Meyerhoff et al. (2009)	2004	CE	17	11.369	7.735	4.393	30.997
Mueller et al. (2013)	2011	DCCV	2	184.762	9.727	177.884	191.640
Ovaskainen and Kniivila (2005)	2000	DCCV	3	87.132	35.364	47.346	114.988
Siikamaki and Layton (2007)	1999	CR; DCCV	2	62.913	16.777	51.050	74.776
Weber and Stewart (2009)	2006	DCCV; CE	7	53.689	54.183	7.939	169.382
Wilson et al. (2010)	2006	CR; DCCV	3	71.986	72.644	16.509	154.212
All			127	70.868	87.845	0.742	480.349

DCCV (dichotomous choice contingent valuation); CE (choice experiment); CR (contingent ranking). N_i = Number of observations taken from primary study j.

WTP expressed in 2010 prices based on country-specific CPI followed by conversion into purchasing power parity US dollars using Penn PPI. The Penn PPI was obtained from: Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 7.1, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania, July 2012. http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php

Reported WTP estimates for Garrod and Willis (1997) were scaled up 100%, prior to purchasing power adjustment, due to reported marginal WTP at 1% increments. The scaling ensured consistency with WTP estimates from other primary studies.

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