The effect of firm life cycle
| Dependent variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ln (1 + dividend) | Dividend payout ratio | Ln (1 + dividend) | Dividend payout ratio | |
| RE/TA × BioRegulation | 1.1997*** | 0.0578** | ||
| (0.2412) | (0.0212) | |||
| RE/TA | 0.1202*** | 0.0226*** | ||
| (0.0172) | (0.0032) | |||
| RE/TE × BioRegulation | 0.0797*** | 0.0052* | ||
| (0.0210) | (0.0028) | |||
| RE/TE | 0.0180*** | 0.0019*** | ||
| (0.0021) | (0.0004) | |||
| Regulation | −0.5567*** | −0.0743*** | −0.5009*** | −0.0653*** |
| (0.0783) | (0.0218) | (0.0793) | (0.0233) | |
| PPE to Assets | 1.6082*** | 0.1159*** | 1.5826*** | 0.1104*** |
| (0.0706) | (0.0166) | (0.0792) | (0.0181) | |
| CAPEX Ratio | −0.6738*** | −0.1304*** | −0.6444*** | −0.1216*** |
| (0.1785) | (0.0256) | (0.1892) | (0.0263) | |
| Leverage | −0.5539*** | 0.0244* | −0.5826*** | 0.0260 |
| (0.0656) | (0.0147) | (0.0700) | (0.0163) | |
| ROA | 1.8670*** | 0.2508*** | 2.6222*** | 0.2983*** |
| (0.1556) | (0.0304) | (0.1748) | (0.0358) | |
| Firm Size | 0.6582*** | 0.0138*** | 0.7243*** | 0.0184*** |
| (0.0099) | (0.0022) | (0.0105) | (0.0024) | |
| Market to Book Equity | −0.0004*** | −0.0002* | −0.0001 | 0.0007 |
| (0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | |
| Cash Flow to Assets | −0.6100*** | −0.0110 | −0.4586*** | 0.0842*** |
| (0.0971) | (0.0201) | (0.0941) | (0.0226) | |
| Net Working Capital | −0.7702*** | −0.0307 | −0.7136*** | −0.0193 |
| (0.0798) | (0.0191) | (0.0859) | (0.0216) | |
| Constant | −3.2805*** | −0.0157 | −3.7994*** | −0.0230 |
| (0.0763) | (0.0167) | (0.0776) | (0.0172) | |
| Observations | 30,602 | 30,575 | 25,280 | 25,258 |
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.4361 | 0.1018 | 0.4210 | 0.0905 |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Industry FE | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Dependent variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ln (1 + dividend) | Dividend payout ratio | Ln (1 + dividend) | Dividend payout ratio | |
| RE/TA × BioRegulation | 1.1997*** | 0.0578** | ||
| (0.2412) | (0.0212) | |||
| RE/TA | 0.1202*** | 0.0226*** | ||
| (0.0172) | (0.0032) | |||
| RE/TE × BioRegulation | 0.0797*** | 0.0052* | ||
| (0.0210) | (0.0028) | |||
| RE/TE | 0.0180*** | 0.0019*** | ||
| (0.0021) | (0.0004) | |||
| Regulation | −0.5567*** | −0.0743*** | −0.5009*** | −0.0653*** |
| (0.0783) | (0.0218) | (0.0793) | (0.0233) | |
| PPE to Assets | 1.6082*** | 0.1159*** | 1.5826*** | 0.1104*** |
| (0.0706) | (0.0166) | (0.0792) | (0.0181) | |
| CAPEX Ratio | −0.6738*** | −0.1304*** | −0.6444*** | −0.1216*** |
| (0.1785) | (0.0256) | (0.1892) | (0.0263) | |
| Leverage | −0.5539*** | 0.0244* | −0.5826*** | 0.0260 |
| (0.0656) | (0.0147) | (0.0700) | (0.0163) | |
| ROA | 1.8670*** | 0.2508*** | 2.6222*** | 0.2983*** |
| (0.1556) | (0.0304) | (0.1748) | (0.0358) | |
| Firm Size | 0.6582*** | 0.0138*** | 0.7243*** | 0.0184*** |
| (0.0099) | (0.0022) | (0.0105) | (0.0024) | |
| Market to Book Equity | −0.0004*** | −0.0002* | −0.0001 | 0.0007 |
| (0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | |
| Cash Flow to Assets | −0.6100*** | −0.0110 | −0.4586*** | 0.0842*** |
| (0.0971) | (0.0201) | (0.0941) | (0.0226) | |
| Net Working Capital | −0.7702*** | −0.0307 | −0.7136*** | −0.0193 |
| (0.0798) | (0.0191) | (0.0859) | (0.0216) | |
| Constant | −3.2805*** | −0.0157 | −3.7994*** | −0.0230 |
| (0.0763) | (0.0167) | (0.0776) | (0.0172) | |
| Observations | 30,602 | 30,575 | 25,280 | 25,258 |
| Adjusted | 0.4361 | 0.1018 | 0.4210 | 0.0905 |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Industry FE | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Note(s): This table shows result of the effect of firm life cycle. Ln (1 + Dividend) is the dependent variable in specifications 1 and 3, and Dividend Payout Ratio is the dependent variable in specifications 2 and 4. Year and industry fixed effects are taken into account in all specifications. Appendix Table A1 provides an explanation of each variable. Robust standard errors, clustered at the firm level, are in parentheses. Significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels is denoted by the symbols ***, **, and *, respectively
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