Table 3.

Summary of FE simulations for backfill investigation

Native sand relative density: %Backfill relative density: %Backfill side angle: degrees
30 (uniform conditions)No backfill
60 (uniform conditions)No backfill
90 (uniform conditions)No backfill
3030, 60, 900
6030, 60, 900
9030, 60, 900
3030, 60, 9025
6030, 60, 9025
9030, 60, 9025

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