Table 1 Scale reliability analysis Items...

Table 1

Scale reliability analysis

	Items	Loading
Group Culture (GC) (Cronbach's α = 0.789)
GC1	Getting supervisors' efforts on teamwork encouragement	0.610
GC2	Having supervisors' encouragement on opinions and ideas exchange	0.665
GC3	Having supervisors' support for group meetings and employees' discussion/communication	0.547
Development Culture (DC) (Cronbach's α = 0.821)
DC1	Pursuing long-term programs for manufacturing capabilities	0.572
DC2	Projecting for potential of new technological adoptions and manufacturing practices	0.733
DC3	Keeping the industry-wide leading position on new technological adoptions	0.552
DC4	Thinking of the next generation of manufacturing technologies	0.698
Internal collaboration (IC) (Cronbach's α = 0.817)
IC1	Conducting joint operational meetings from functional department level	0.499
IC2	Achieving common Goal congruence from functional department level	0.608
IC3	Understanding mutual responsibilities from functional department level	0.623
IC4	Sharing operational information from functional department level	0.674
IC5	Joint planning from functional department level for projecting and resolving operational problems	0.653
External collaboration (EC) (Cronbach's α = 0.801)
SC1	Sharing operational information (procurement, inventory, forecasting etc.) with major suppliers	0.551
SC2	Sharing operational information with major suppliers through information technologies	0.563
SC3	Joint planning with major suppliers to maintain a rapid-response ordering process	0.509
CC1	Sharing operational information (procurement, inventory, forecasting …) with major customers	0.575
CC2	Sharing operational information with major customers through information technologies	0.533
CC3	Joint planning with major customers on product assortment	0.623
Differentiation-based competitive advantage (Diff CA) (Cronbach's α = 0.883)
DS1	Better on-time delivery than competitors	0.708
DS2	More reliable delivery than competitors	0.726
DS3	Shorter order fulfilment lead time than competitors	0.580
PF1	Quicker response to changes in delivery requirements than competitors	0.696
PF2	Better product customisation than competitors	0.629
PF3	More product variability than competitors	0.552
PF4	Quicker changing of production volumes than competitors	0.772

	Items	Loading
Group Culture (GC) (Cronbach's α = 0.789)
GC1	Getting supervisors' efforts on teamwork encouragement	0.610
GC2	Having supervisors' encouragement on opinions and ideas exchange	0.665
GC3	Having supervisors' support for group meetings and employees' discussion/communication	0.547
Development Culture (DC) (Cronbach's α = 0.821)
DC1	Pursuing long-term programs for manufacturing capabilities	0.572
DC2	Projecting for potential of new technological adoptions and manufacturing practices	0.733
DC3	Keeping the industry-wide leading position on new technological adoptions	0.552
DC4	Thinking of the next generation of manufacturing technologies	0.698
Internal collaboration (IC) (Cronbach's α = 0.817)
IC1	Conducting joint operational meetings from functional department level	0.499
IC2	Achieving common Goal congruence from functional department level	0.608
IC3	Understanding mutual responsibilities from functional department level	0.623
IC4	Sharing operational information from functional department level	0.674
IC5	Joint planning from functional department level for projecting and resolving operational problems	0.653
External collaboration (EC) (Cronbach's α = 0.801)
SC1	Sharing operational information (procurement, inventory, forecasting etc.) with major suppliers	0.551
SC2	Sharing operational information with major suppliers through information technologies	0.563
SC3	Joint planning with major suppliers to maintain a rapid-response ordering process	0.509
CC1	Sharing operational information (procurement, inventory, forecasting …) with major customers	0.575
CC2	Sharing operational information with major customers through information technologies	0.533
CC3	Joint planning with major customers on product assortment	0.623
Differentiation-based competitive advantage (Diff CA) (Cronbach's α = 0.883)
DS1	Better on-time delivery than competitors	0.708
DS2	More reliable delivery than competitors	0.726
DS3	Shorter order fulfilment lead time than competitors	0.580
PF1	Quicker response to changes in delivery requirements than competitors	0.696
PF2	Better product customisation than competitors	0.629
PF3	More product variability than competitors	0.552
PF4	Quicker changing of production volumes than competitors	0.772

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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