Table 2

Individual and business demographics

MallSDall1 Unfair2 Fair3 Fin & Gov Fair4 Average FairBCH χ2 (p value)Significance
Gender (female)b 0.63 0.48 68% 57% 65% 60% 3.05 (0.384)  
Agec 53.28 11.54 51.74 55.95 53.06 53.31 5.68 (0.128) 2 > 1 (0.018) 
Education (Bachelor)b 0.56 0.50 55% 58% 51% 60% 1.82 (0.611)  
Child at home (yes)b 0.35 0.48 34% 27% 34% 40% 3.41 (0.332)  
Having a partner (yes)b 0.76 0.43 70% 78% 78% 80% 4.05 (0.257)  
Years of experiencec 12.33 10.62 14.09 13.32 12.08 10.61 8.71 (0.033) 1 > 4 
Type of business (limited company)b 0.37 0.48 31% 38% 41% 40% 3.22 (0.359)  
Main activity (yes)b 0.75 0.43 77% 68% 73% 79% 3.89 (0.273)  
Capital (more than little)b 0.16 0.37 24% 5% 18% 14% 19.92 (<0.001) 1 > 24
2 < 34 
Necessity entrepreneurc 1.80 1.28 2.19 1.45 1.52 1.72 21.53 (<0.001) 1 > 234
2 < 4 (0.074) 
 In %      Manual BCH test OR comparisons for reaching next level 
Household contributionm         
All income 100% 27%  33% 29% 20% 25%   
More than 50% but less than 100% 23%  20% 27% 20% 24% Category >1 1 < 3 
Ca 50% 26%  23% 19% 39% 25% Category >2 12 < 3 
Less than 50% 24%  24% 25% 20% 26% Category >3  
Turnover last yearm         
Less 250tkr 32%  32% 36% 27% 33%   
250-500tkr 18%  14% 20% 22% 20% Category >1  
500-999tkr 26%  30% 20% 25% 30% Category >2  
Above 23%  23% 25% 27% 18% Category >3 3 > 4 
Sectorm         
Machines, goods, energy 13%  13% 13% 13% 10%   
Education, health care, social work 22%  13% 34% 18% 27% Category >1  
Knowledge intensive 35%  31% 43% 32% 37% Category >2 1 > 2 
Labour intensive 30%  43% 10% 38% 26% Category >3 1 > 24
2 < 4 
MallSDall1 Unfair2 Fair3 Fin & Gov Fair4 Average FairBCH χ2 (p value)Significance
Gender (female)b 0.63 0.48 68% 57% 65% 60% 3.05 (0.384)  
Agec 53.28 11.54 51.74 55.95 53.06 53.31 5.68 (0.128) 2 > 1 (0.018) 
Education (Bachelor)b 0.56 0.50 55% 58% 51% 60% 1.82 (0.611)  
Child at home (yes)b 0.35 0.48 34% 27% 34% 40% 3.41 (0.332)  
Having a partner (yes)b 0.76 0.43 70% 78% 78% 80% 4.05 (0.257)  
Years of experiencec 12.33 10.62 14.09 13.32 12.08 10.61 8.71 (0.033) 1 > 4 
Type of business (limited company)b 0.37 0.48 31% 38% 41% 40% 3.22 (0.359)  
Main activity (yes)b 0.75 0.43 77% 68% 73% 79% 3.89 (0.273)  
Capital (more than little)b 0.16 0.37 24% 5% 18% 14% 19.92 (<0.001) 1 > 24
2 < 34 
Necessity entrepreneurc 1.80 1.28 2.19 1.45 1.52 1.72 21.53 (<0.001) 1 > 234
2 < 4 (0.074) 
 In %      Manual BCH test OR comparisons for reaching next level 
Household contributionm         
All income 100% 27%  33% 29% 20% 25%   
More than 50% but less than 100% 23%  20% 27% 20% 24% Category >1 1 < 3 
Ca 50% 26%  23% 19% 39% 25% Category >2 12 < 3 
Less than 50% 24%  24% 25% 20% 26% Category >3  
Turnover last yearm         
Less 250tkr 32%  32% 36% 27% 33%   
250-500tkr 18%  14% 20% 22% 20% Category >1  
500-999tkr 26%  30% 20% 25% 30% Category >2  
Above 23%  23% 25% 27% 18% Category >3 3 > 4 
Sectorm         
Machines, goods, energy 13%  13% 13% 13% 10%   
Education, health care, social work 22%  13% 34% 18% 27% Category >1  
Knowledge intensive 35%  31% 43% 32% 37% Category >2 1 > 2 
Labour intensive 30%  43% 10% 38% 26% Category >3 1 > 24
2 < 4 
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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