Table 4

Grouped themes of gender-responsive strategies (table-style summary)

Major themeKey strategies / Sub-ThemesExample studies
1. Capacity building and skills developmentLeadership training, logistics and supply chain education, entrepreneurship support, microfinance training, disaster response trainingToma et al. (2018), Kovács et al. (2011), CARE (2021), Aladuwaka (2010), Yamout et al. (2024) 
2. Community-based and grassroots empowermentFormation of cooperatives, women-led NGOs, participatory recovery planning, grassroots resilience networksClissold et al. (2020), Ahmed (2019), Wolff (2024), Luna and Hilhorst (2022) 
3. Policy and institutional reformsGender-sensitive procurement, inclusive governance, gender-integrated logistics frameworks, reforming aid governance systemsKovács and Tatham (2010), IRC and UNHCR (2020), Sharma et al. (2020) 
4. Health and well-being interventionsReproductive and maternal health services, menstrual hygiene support (MHM), breastfeeding support, protection from GBVBeek et al. (2019), Hirani et al. (2021), Wilbur et al. (2022), Schmitt et al. (2017) 
1. Capacity building and skills developmentLeadership training, logistics and supply chain education, entrepreneurship support, microfinance training, disaster response trainingToma et al. (2018), Kovács et al. (2011), CARE (2021), Aladuwaka (2010), Yamout et al. (2024) 
2. Community-based and grassroots empowermentFormation of cooperatives, women-led NGOs, participatory recovery planning, grassroots resilience networksClissold et al. (2020), Ahmed (2019), Wolff (2024), Luna and Hilhorst (2022) 
3. Policy and institutional reformsGender-sensitive procurement, inclusive governance, gender-integrated logistics frameworks, reforming aid governance systemsKovács and Tatham (2010), IRC and UNHCR (2020), Sharma et al. (2020) 
4. Health and well-being interventionsReproductive and maternal health services, menstrual hygiene support (MHM), breastfeeding support, protection from GBVBeek et al. (2019), Hirani et al. (2021), Wilbur et al. (2022), Schmitt et al. (2017) 
5. Economic inclusion and livelihood restorationCash transfers, livelihood rebuilding, access to markets, support for women entrepreneurs, food security initiativesMuro (2016), Castañeda Carney et al. (2020), Okeke-Ihejirika et al. (2022), BNPB (2018) 
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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