Constructs and measurement items
| Constructs and measurement items | Sources |
|---|---|
| Subcultural appeal | Cha (2020) |
| SA1. Serving robots make people who use them different from other people | |
| SA2. People who use serving robots are unique | |
| SA3. People who use serving robots are considered leaders rather than followers | |
| SA4. Customers using serving robots look great | |
| Utility | Cha (2020); Sundar et al. (2014) |
| UT1. Serving robots are useful | |
| UT2. I think the purpose of serving robots is to help employee | |
| UT3. I think the purpose of serving robots is to help customers | |
| UT4. Serving robots would help customers get things done | |
| UT5. Using serving robots helps me complete tasks more efficiently than other devices of its kind | |
| Originality | Ashfaq et al. (2021); Cha (2020) |
| OR1. Serving robots are original | |
| OR2. Serving robots are unique | |
| OR3. Serving robots stand apart from other technology services | |
| OR4. Serving robots are novel | |
| OR5. Serving robots are the origin of the future restaurant service method | |
| Attractiveness | Cha (2020) |
| AT1. Serving robots are attractive | |
| AT2. Serving robots are hot | |
| AT3. Serving robots are stylish | |
| AT4. Serving robots are cutting edge | |
| Hedonic experience | Verleye (2015) |
| HED1. Using serving robots in restaurants was a nice experience | |
| HED2. Using serving robots in restaurants was fun | |
| HED3. I enjoyed using serving robots in the restaurants | |
| Cognitive experience | Verleye (2015) |
| COG1. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants allowed me to keep up with new ideas and innovations | |
| COG2. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants enabled me to come up with new ideas | |
| COG3. I could test my capabilities through the experience of using serving robots in restaurants | |
| COG4. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants improved my skills | |
| COG5. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants gave me a sense of accomplishment | |
| COG6. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants provided me with new knowledge | |
| Personal experience | Verleye (2015) |
| PER1. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants raised ideas that I can introduce to others | |
| PER2. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants allowed me to share my knowledge with others | |
| PER3. I made a good impression on other people through the experience of using serving robots in restaurants | |
| Subjective well-being | Li et al. (2022a,b) |
| SWB1. The serving robot experience is important to my well-being | |
| SWB2. The serving robot experience is important to enhance my quality of life | |
| SWB3. I felt revitalized after the experience of using serving robots in restaurants. | |
| Revisit intention | Venkatesh et al. (2012) |
| RI1. I will revisit the robot service restaurants | |
| RI2. I will make an effort to revisit robot service restaurants in the future | |
| RI3. If I have the opportunity to revisit robot service restaurants in the future, I will actively intend to revisit robotic restaurants | |
| RI4. I will prioritize visiting restaurants with serving robots over those with human servers |
| Constructs and measurement items | Sources |
|---|---|
| Subcultural appeal | |
| SA1. Serving robots make people who use them different from other people | |
| SA2. People who use serving robots are unique | |
| SA3. People who use serving robots are considered leaders rather than followers | |
| SA4. Customers using serving robots look great | |
| Utility | |
| UT1. Serving robots are useful | |
| UT2. I think the purpose of serving robots is to help employee | |
| UT3. I think the purpose of serving robots is to help customers | |
| UT4. Serving robots would help customers get things done | |
| UT5. Using serving robots helps me complete tasks more efficiently than other devices of its kind | |
| Originality | |
| OR1. Serving robots are original | |
| OR2. Serving robots are unique | |
| OR3. Serving robots stand apart from other technology services | |
| OR4. Serving robots are novel | |
| OR5. Serving robots are the origin of the future restaurant service method | |
| Attractiveness | |
| AT1. Serving robots are attractive | |
| AT2. Serving robots are hot | |
| AT3. Serving robots are stylish | |
| AT4. Serving robots are cutting edge | |
| Hedonic experience | |
| HED1. Using serving robots in restaurants was a nice experience | |
| HED2. Using serving robots in restaurants was fun | |
| HED3. I enjoyed using serving robots in the restaurants | |
| Cognitive experience | |
| COG1. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants allowed me to keep up with new ideas and innovations | |
| COG2. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants enabled me to come up with new ideas | |
| COG3. I could test my capabilities through the experience of using serving robots in restaurants | |
| COG4. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants improved my skills | |
| COG5. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants gave me a sense of accomplishment | |
| COG6. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants provided me with new knowledge | |
| Personal experience | |
| PER1. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants raised ideas that I can introduce to others | |
| PER2. The experience of using serving robots in restaurants allowed me to share my knowledge with others | |
| PER3. I made a good impression on other people through the experience of using serving robots in restaurants | |
| Subjective well-being | |
| SWB1. The serving robot experience is important to my well-being | |
| SWB2. The serving robot experience is important to enhance my quality of life | |
| SWB3. I felt revitalized after the experience of using serving robots in restaurants. | |
| Revisit intention | |
| RI1. I will revisit the robot service restaurants | |
| RI2. I will make an effort to revisit robot service restaurants in the future | |
| RI3. If I have the opportunity to revisit robot service restaurants in the future, I will actively intend to revisit robotic restaurants | |
| RI4. I will prioritize visiting restaurants with serving robots over those with human servers |
Items were measured with a seven-point Likert scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree
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