Table 2.

Future research on third-places and SDGs

Third-place strategies and SDG alignmentPotential research questions
Strategic implementation for community well-being (SDGs 3, 10, 11):
  • Under what conditions should organizations adopt third-place strategies that promote mental health, reduce social inequalities and foster inclusive communities?

  • How can third places enhance SDG outcomes in diverse physical and virtual contexts?

Impact of dark kitchens on community well-being (ServCollab Theme 1 and SDGs 3 and 16)
  • How do dark kitchens and the decline of physical third places affect social cohesion, mental health and societal resilience postpandemic?

  • Can alternative models (e.g. hybrid spaces) mitigate social isolation?

Emotional labor and front-line worker well-being (ServCollab Theme 1)
  • What are the implications of training front-line staff to provide emotional or mental health support?

  • How can organizations balance employee well-being with customer support demands?

Digital third places and social equity (SDGs 10 and 11)
  • How can virtual third places ensure inclusivity and reduce digital divides?

  • What unintended consequences (e.g. exclusion, misinformation and social fatigue) arise when fostering digital social interactions?

Institutional role in sustaining third places (ServCollab Theme 5
  • How can policymakers, nonprofit and businesses collaborate to sustain third places as critical social infrastructure?

  • What policies best support third places’ contributions to public health and social inclusion?

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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