Rhetoric of IL for quality of life and personal empowerment vs. limited systematic validation

Seemingly incommensurable definitions of IL (e.g. attributes-centered vs. living-centered conceptions)

Educational practices for developing individual competencies vs. IL in everyday life and social environment

IL for empowerment and democracy vs. social control of information

Structure vs. agency in information production and recontextualization

Naturalizing vs. articulating moral and political ideologies of IL

Standardized vs. contextual approach to IL

Competing definitions and theories for IL

Incongruence between espoused theories vs. theories-in-use of IL

Responsibility paradox (information consumer vs. rational citizens)

Normativity paradox (contextual plurality of IL vs. democratic participation)

Temporal paradox (responding to existing information vs. practices for future information encounters)

Trust paradox (necessary mistrust vs. cynical and nihilistic position)

Neutrality paradox (use of IL for advancing vs. destabilizing democracy)

Individual agency vs. sociocultural conditions

Different ways of knowing related to IL

Moral implications of IL

Normative (political and ideological) values conditioning IL