Table 7

Panel B test of Hypothesis 1: Alternative measure of disclosure timeliness

(1)(2)(3)(4)
Dependent variable = Disclosure JumpQuarterDisclosure JumpQuarterDisclosure JumpQuarterDisclosure JumpQuarter
Negative606Impact−0.225**−0.199**  
(−2.300)(−2.069)  
ASC606ImpactMagnitude0.0200.013  
(0.247)(0.192)  
Negative606Impact × ASC606ImpactMagnitude0.1060.104  
(1.118)(1.251)  
Quintile606Impact  0.0090.026
  (0.245)(0.741)
ComplexityPCA−0.053  −0.075
(−0.852)  (−1.140)
NumBusSegs −0.077−0.099 
 (−0.514)(−0.607) 
SalesVolatility −0.001**−0.001** 
 (−2.079)(−2.227) 
Warranty −0.074−0.121 
 (−0.624)(−1.043) 
MultipleElement Arrangement −0.008−0.044 
 (−0.087)(−0.465) 
Rebate −0.165−0.169 
 (−1.230)(−1.232) 
AnalystFollowing−0.186*−0.272**−0.299**−0.205*
(−1.785)(−2.214)(−2.396)(−1.859)
LogFirmAge0.0100.0180.0490.037
(0.130)(0.222)(0.617)(0.464)
LogMarketCap0.0720.149**0.163***0.085
(1.344)(2.473)(2.693)(1.631)
BookToMarket−0.007−0.056−0.094−0.018
(−0.042)(−0.340)(−0.498)(−0.106)
InstitutionalOwnership0.2640.2100.1480.217
(1.096)(0.835)(0.601)(0.922)
RestOrWeaknessPast3Years0.0890.1480.1740.114
(0.431)(0.784)(0.924)(0.564)
GuidancePastYear−0.0020.0350.0610.013
(−0.014)(0.223)(0.364)(0.095)
GuidedEPSQ120180.013−0.060−0.0750.015
(0.094)(−0.419)(−0.501)(0.103)
SAB74FinalWordCount−0.000−0.000−0.000−0.000
(−1.228)(−1.194)(−1.077)(−1.180)
10KLength−0.000−0.000−0.000−0.000
(−1.262)(−0.470)(−0.231)(−1.171)
QualitativeImpactDisclosure−0.008−0.0190.0730.102
(−0.047)(−0.115)(0.464)(0.622)
ComparePoliciesDisclosure−0.058−0.060−0.139−0.143
(−0.323)(−0.353)(−0.866)(−0.813)
ImplementationStatusDisclosure0.1570.1150.0990.157
(0.970)(0.662)(0.584)(1.006)
CEOChairDuality0.162*0.222**0.218**0.136
(1.675)(2.335)(2.176)(1.353)
BoardSize0.0010.0160.005−0.011
(0.018)(0.448)(0.146)(−0.289)
Concentration0.4930.4270.2410.318
(1.190)(1.046)(0.562)(0.783)
Tangibility0.2160.572*0.772**0.413
(0.686)(1.780)(2.348)(1.283)
RD0.5161.2890.688−0.140
(0.272)(0.695)(0.394)(−0.077)
ROA−0.1010.1940.033−0.423
(−0.120)(0.223)(0.044)(−0.584)
Big4Auditor0.0960.0660.0830.111
(1.024)(0.776)(0.932)(1.149)
Constant1.220**0.7130.5140.906
(2.110)(1.278)(0.889)(1.526)
Observations131131131131
Psuedo R-squared0.09620.10440.09670.0867
Industry FEYesYesYesYes

Note(s): Table 6, Panel A, show the results of estimation of Equation (1) using OLS regressions with DisclosureTimeliness as the dependent variable. Panel B shows the results of estimation of Equation (1) with an alternative dependent variable, DisclosureJumpQuarter, using a negative binomial regression due to the dependent variable taking the discrete values from 1 to 5. Each specification includes SIC 2-digit industry fixed effects. Columns 1 and 3 in each panel include the separate variables meant to proxy for the complexity in the firms’ implementation process (NumBusSegs, Warranty, MultipleElementArrangement, Rebate and SalesVolatility). Columns 2 and 4 include the fitted values of a principal component analysis of these five variables plus ASC606ImpactMagnitude to reduce the noise of these multiple variables and construct one, less noisy variable, ComplexityPCA. In columns 1 and 2, the independent variable of interest is the Negative606Impact indicator variable and its interaction with the absolute value of the effect on net income, ASC606ImpactMagnitude. In columns 3 and 4, those two variables are replaced by the quintile-ranked variable for the ASC 606 effect on net income (Quintile606Impact). Variables are defined in Appendix A. Robust t-statistics are in parenthesis, with statistical significance denoted as ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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