Panel B test of Hypothesis 1: Alternative measure of disclosure timeliness
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable = | Disclosure JumpQuarter | Disclosure JumpQuarter | Disclosure JumpQuarter | Disclosure JumpQuarter |
| Negative606Impact | −0.225** | −0.199** | ||
| (−2.300) | (−2.069) | |||
| ASC606ImpactMagnitude | 0.020 | 0.013 | ||
| (0.247) | (0.192) | |||
| Negative606Impact × ASC606ImpactMagnitude | 0.106 | 0.104 | ||
| (1.118) | (1.251) | |||
| Quintile606Impact | 0.009 | 0.026 | ||
| (0.245) | (0.741) | |||
| ComplexityPCA | −0.053 | −0.075 | ||
| (−0.852) | (−1.140) | |||
| NumBusSegs | −0.077 | −0.099 | ||
| (−0.514) | (−0.607) | |||
| SalesVolatility | −0.001** | −0.001** | ||
| (−2.079) | (−2.227) | |||
| Warranty | −0.074 | −0.121 | ||
| (−0.624) | (−1.043) | |||
| MultipleElement Arrangement | −0.008 | −0.044 | ||
| (−0.087) | (−0.465) | |||
| Rebate | −0.165 | −0.169 | ||
| (−1.230) | (−1.232) | |||
| AnalystFollowing | −0.186* | −0.272** | −0.299** | −0.205* |
| (−1.785) | (−2.214) | (−2.396) | (−1.859) | |
| LogFirmAge | 0.010 | 0.018 | 0.049 | 0.037 |
| (0.130) | (0.222) | (0.617) | (0.464) | |
| LogMarketCap | 0.072 | 0.149** | 0.163*** | 0.085 |
| (1.344) | (2.473) | (2.693) | (1.631) | |
| BookToMarket | −0.007 | −0.056 | −0.094 | −0.018 |
| (−0.042) | (−0.340) | (−0.498) | (−0.106) | |
| InstitutionalOwnership | 0.264 | 0.210 | 0.148 | 0.217 |
| (1.096) | (0.835) | (0.601) | (0.922) | |
| RestOrWeaknessPast3Years | 0.089 | 0.148 | 0.174 | 0.114 |
| (0.431) | (0.784) | (0.924) | (0.564) | |
| GuidancePastYear | −0.002 | 0.035 | 0.061 | 0.013 |
| (−0.014) | (0.223) | (0.364) | (0.095) | |
| GuidedEPSQ12018 | 0.013 | −0.060 | −0.075 | 0.015 |
| (0.094) | (−0.419) | (−0.501) | (0.103) | |
| SAB74FinalWordCount | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 |
| (−1.228) | (−1.194) | (−1.077) | (−1.180) | |
| 10KLength | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 |
| (−1.262) | (−0.470) | (−0.231) | (−1.171) | |
| QualitativeImpactDisclosure | −0.008 | −0.019 | 0.073 | 0.102 |
| (−0.047) | (−0.115) | (0.464) | (0.622) | |
| ComparePoliciesDisclosure | −0.058 | −0.060 | −0.139 | −0.143 |
| (−0.323) | (−0.353) | (−0.866) | (−0.813) | |
| ImplementationStatusDisclosure | 0.157 | 0.115 | 0.099 | 0.157 |
| (0.970) | (0.662) | (0.584) | (1.006) | |
| CEOChairDuality | 0.162* | 0.222** | 0.218** | 0.136 |
| (1.675) | (2.335) | (2.176) | (1.353) | |
| BoardSize | 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.005 | −0.011 |
| (0.018) | (0.448) | (0.146) | (−0.289) | |
| Concentration | 0.493 | 0.427 | 0.241 | 0.318 |
| (1.190) | (1.046) | (0.562) | (0.783) | |
| Tangibility | 0.216 | 0.572* | 0.772** | 0.413 |
| (0.686) | (1.780) | (2.348) | (1.283) | |
| RD | 0.516 | 1.289 | 0.688 | −0.140 |
| (0.272) | (0.695) | (0.394) | (−0.077) | |
| ROA | −0.101 | 0.194 | 0.033 | −0.423 |
| (−0.120) | (0.223) | (0.044) | (−0.584) | |
| Big4Auditor | 0.096 | 0.066 | 0.083 | 0.111 |
| (1.024) | (0.776) | (0.932) | (1.149) | |
| Constant | 1.220** | 0.713 | 0.514 | 0.906 |
| (2.110) | (1.278) | (0.889) | (1.526) | |
| Observations | 131 | 131 | 131 | 131 |
| Psuedo R-squared | 0.0962 | 0.1044 | 0.0967 | 0.0867 |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable = | Disclosure JumpQuarter | Disclosure JumpQuarter | Disclosure JumpQuarter | Disclosure JumpQuarter |
| −0.225** | −0.199** | |||
| (−2.300) | (−2.069) | |||
| 0.020 | 0.013 | |||
| (0.247) | (0.192) | |||
| 0.106 | 0.104 | |||
| (1.118) | (1.251) | |||
| 0.009 | 0.026 | |||
| (0.245) | (0.741) | |||
| −0.053 | −0.075 | |||
| (−0.852) | (−1.140) | |||
| −0.077 | −0.099 | |||
| (−0.514) | (−0.607) | |||
| −0.001** | −0.001** | |||
| (−2.079) | (−2.227) | |||
| −0.074 | −0.121 | |||
| (−0.624) | (−1.043) | |||
| −0.008 | −0.044 | |||
| (−0.087) | (−0.465) | |||
| −0.165 | −0.169 | |||
| (−1.230) | (−1.232) | |||
| −0.186* | −0.272** | −0.299** | −0.205* | |
| (−1.785) | (−2.214) | (−2.396) | (−1.859) | |
| 0.010 | 0.018 | 0.049 | 0.037 | |
| (0.130) | (0.222) | (0.617) | (0.464) | |
| 0.072 | 0.149** | 0.163*** | 0.085 | |
| (1.344) | (2.473) | (2.693) | (1.631) | |
| −0.007 | −0.056 | −0.094 | −0.018 | |
| (−0.042) | (−0.340) | (−0.498) | (−0.106) | |
| 0.264 | 0.210 | 0.148 | 0.217 | |
| (1.096) | (0.835) | (0.601) | (0.922) | |
| 0.089 | 0.148 | 0.174 | 0.114 | |
| (0.431) | (0.784) | (0.924) | (0.564) | |
| −0.002 | 0.035 | 0.061 | 0.013 | |
| (−0.014) | (0.223) | (0.364) | (0.095) | |
| 0.013 | −0.060 | −0.075 | 0.015 | |
| (0.094) | (−0.419) | (−0.501) | (0.103) | |
| −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | |
| (−1.228) | (−1.194) | (−1.077) | (−1.180) | |
| −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | |
| (−1.262) | (−0.470) | (−0.231) | (−1.171) | |
| −0.008 | −0.019 | 0.073 | 0.102 | |
| (−0.047) | (−0.115) | (0.464) | (0.622) | |
| −0.058 | −0.060 | −0.139 | −0.143 | |
| (−0.323) | (−0.353) | (−0.866) | (−0.813) | |
| 0.157 | 0.115 | 0.099 | 0.157 | |
| (0.970) | (0.662) | (0.584) | (1.006) | |
| 0.162* | 0.222** | 0.218** | 0.136 | |
| (1.675) | (2.335) | (2.176) | (1.353) | |
| 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.005 | −0.011 | |
| (0.018) | (0.448) | (0.146) | (−0.289) | |
| 0.493 | 0.427 | 0.241 | 0.318 | |
| (1.190) | (1.046) | (0.562) | (0.783) | |
| 0.216 | 0.572* | 0.772** | 0.413 | |
| (0.686) | (1.780) | (2.348) | (1.283) | |
| 0.516 | 1.289 | 0.688 | −0.140 | |
| (0.272) | (0.695) | (0.394) | (−0.077) | |
| −0.101 | 0.194 | 0.033 | −0.423 | |
| (−0.120) | (0.223) | (0.044) | (−0.584) | |
| 0.096 | 0.066 | 0.083 | 0.111 | |
| (1.024) | (0.776) | (0.932) | (1.149) | |
| Constant | 1.220** | 0.713 | 0.514 | 0.906 |
| (2.110) | (1.278) | (0.889) | (1.526) | |
| Observations | 131 | 131 | 131 | 131 |
| Psuedo | 0.0962 | 0.1044 | 0.0967 | 0.0867 |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Note(s): Table 6, Panel A, show the results of estimation of Equation (1) using OLS regressions with DisclosureTimeliness as the dependent variable. Panel B shows the results of estimation of Equation (1) with an alternative dependent variable, DisclosureJumpQuarter, using a negative binomial regression due to the dependent variable taking the discrete values from 1 to 5. Each specification includes SIC 2-digit industry fixed effects. Columns 1 and 3 in each panel include the separate variables meant to proxy for the complexity in the firms’ implementation process (NumBusSegs, Warranty, MultipleElementArrangement, Rebate and SalesVolatility). Columns 2 and 4 include the fitted values of a principal component analysis of these five variables plus ASC606ImpactMagnitude to reduce the noise of these multiple variables and construct one, less noisy variable, ComplexityPCA. In columns 1 and 2, the independent variable of interest is the Negative606Impact indicator variable and its interaction with the absolute value of the effect on net income, ASC606ImpactMagnitude. In columns 3 and 4, those two variables are replaced by the quintile-ranked variable for the ASC 606 effect on net income (Quintile606Impact). Variables are defined in Appendix A. Robust t-statistics are in parenthesis, with statistical significance denoted as ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
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