Table 2. Summary of themes, sub-themes,...

Table 2.

Summary of themes, sub-themes, RQs and frequencies

Theme	Sub-theme	Research question (RQ)	Frequency
Theme 1: adaptive leadership and employee well-being in hybrid work settings	Flexibility in leadership and work–life balance	Main RQ, sub-RQ1	15
	Proactive communication and employee engagement	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ2	10
	Cultural sensitivity in leadership	Sub-RQ3	8
Theme 2: adaptive leadership and professional identity in hybrid workplaces	Strengthening professional identity through personalised leadership	Main RQ, sub-RQ2	12
	Reinforcing identity through skill development and growth opportunities	Sub-RQ2	9
	Cultural sensitivity in leadership	Sub-RQ3	7
	Professional identity as an adaptive process	Sub-RQ4	6
Theme 3: adaptive leadership and well-being in hybrid workplaces	Promoting psychological safety and support	Main RQ, sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	11
	Work–life balance and leadership flexibility	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	10
	Emotional intelligence and empathy as leadership tools	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	16
	Cultural sensitivity in well-being initiatives	Sub-RQ3	8
Theme 4: trust and communication in hybrid workplaces	Trust as a pillar of well-being and identity	Sub-RQ3	9
	Proactive and open communication	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	12
	Challenges in communication	Sub-RQ3	6
	Cultural imperatives in trust and communication	Sub-RQ3, sub-RQ4	7

Theme	Sub-theme	Research question (RQ)	Frequency
Theme 1: adaptive leadership and employee well-being in hybrid work settings	Flexibility in leadership and work–life balance	Main RQ, sub-RQ1	15
	Proactive communication and employee engagement	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ2	10
	Cultural sensitivity in leadership	Sub-RQ3	8
Theme 2: adaptive leadership and professional identity in hybrid workplaces	Strengthening professional identity through personalised leadership	Main RQ, sub-RQ2	12
	Reinforcing identity through skill development and growth opportunities	Sub-RQ2	9
	Cultural sensitivity in leadership	Sub-RQ3	7
	Professional identity as an adaptive process	Sub-RQ4	6
Theme 3: adaptive leadership and well-being in hybrid workplaces	Promoting psychological safety and support	Main RQ, sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	11
	Work–life balance and leadership flexibility	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	10
	Emotional intelligence and empathy as leadership tools	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	16
	Cultural sensitivity in well-being initiatives	Sub-RQ3	8
Theme 4: trust and communication in hybrid workplaces	Trust as a pillar of well-being and identity	Sub-RQ3	9
	Proactive and open communication	Sub-RQ1, sub-RQ3	12
	Challenges in communication	Sub-RQ3	6
	Cultural imperatives in trust and communication	Sub-RQ3, sub-RQ4	7

Note(s):

Summarises the themes, sub-themes, related research questions, sample participant quotes and frequency counts, highlighting key adaptive leadership practices that support well-being and professional identity in Thai hybrid workplaces

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