Measurement model–reliability, validity and discriminant validity
| PANEL A. Reliability and validity . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | Cronbach’s Alpha . | Dijkstra-Henseler rho . | CRI . | AVE . |
| Lean 4.0 | 0.911 | 0.920 | 0.938 | 0.791 |
| Digital technology Industry 4.0 | 0.929 | 0.935 | 0.942 | 0.684 |
| Logistics 4.0 | 0.934 | 0.937 | 0.944 | 0.653 |
| PANEL A. Reliability and validity . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | Cronbach’s Alpha . | Dijkstra-Henseler rho . | CRI . | AVE . |
| Lean 4.0 | 0.911 | 0.920 | 0.938 | 0.791 |
| Digital technology Industry 4.0 | 0.929 | 0.935 | 0.942 | 0.684 |
| Logistics 4.0 | 0.934 | 0.937 | 0.944 | 0.653 |
| PANEL B. Fornell-Larcker criterion . | Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio (HTMT) . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | 1 . | 2 . | 3 . | 1 . | 2 . | 3 . |
| 1. Lean 4.0 | 0.889 | |||||
| 2. Digital Technology Industry 4.0 | 0.543 | 0.821 | 0.524 | |||
| 3. Logistics 4.0 | 0.402 | 0.559 | 0.808 | 0.430 | 0.578 | |
| PANEL B. Fornell-Larcker criterion . | Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio (HTMT) . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | 1 . | 2 . | 3 . | 1 . | 2 . | 3 . |
| 1. Lean 4.0 | 0.889 | |||||
| 2. Digital Technology Industry 4.0 | 0.543 | 0.821 | 0.524 | |||
| 3. Logistics 4.0 | 0.402 | 0.559 | 0.808 | 0.430 | 0.578 | |
Note(s): PANEL B: Fornell-Larcker Criterion: Diagonal elements (bold) are the square root of the variance shared between the constructs and their measures (AVE). For discriminant validity, diagonal elements should be larger than off-diagonal elements