Table 3 Structural model Paths Path ( t...

Table 3

Structural model

Paths	Path (t-value; p-value)	95% confidence interval	f²	Supported
L4.0 → LG4.0 (H1)	0.139 (2.625; 0.009)	[0.034–0.244]	0.017	Yes
L4.0 → DTI4.0 (H2)	0.544 (14.080; 0.000)	[0.463–0.614]	0.429	Yes
DTI4.0 → LG4.0 (H3)	0.488 (10.821; 0.000)	[0.391–0.566]	0.257	Yes
Indirect Effects
L4.0 → DTI4.0 → LG4.0 (H4)	0.265 (9.180; 0.000)	[0.212–0.324]		Yes

Paths	Path (t-value; p-value)	95% confidence interval	f²	Supported
L4.0 → LG4.0 (H1)	0.139 (2.625; 0.009)	[0.034–0.244]	0.017	Yes
L4.0 → DTI4.0 (H2)	0.544 (14.080; 0.000)	[0.463–0.614]	0.429	Yes
DTI4.0 → LG4.0 (H3)	0.488 (10.821; 0.000)	[0.391–0.566]	0.257	Yes
Indirect Effects
L4.0 → DTI4.0 → LG4.0 (H4)	0.265 (9.180; 0.000)	[0.212–0.324]		Yes

Endogenous Variable	Adjusted R²	Model Fit	Value	HI99
Endogenous Variable	Adjusted R²	SRMR	0.063	0.076
DTI4.0	0.396	dULS	0.940	0.970
LG4.0	0.431	dG	0.823	0.853

Endogenous Variable	Adjusted R²	Model Fit	Value	HI99
DTI4.0	0.396	dULS	0.940	0.970
LG4.0	0.431	dG	0.823	0.853

Note(s): L4.0: Lean 4.0; DTI4.0: Digital Technology Industry 4.0; LG4.0: Logistics 4.0. One-tailed t-values and p-values in parentheses; bootstrapping 95% confidence intervals (based on n = 5,000 subsamples); SRMR: standardized root mean squared residual; dULS: unweighted least squares discrepancy; dG: geodesic discrepancy; HI99: bootstrap-based 99% percentiles

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